نشریه سفینه
پیاپی 51 (تابستان 1395)

the author of the present article, which is an explanation of three traditions of “Bab al-Sa’adah va al-Shaqa’” from al-Kafi book, first defines the words salvation and damnation and then explained the three mentioned traditions to remove the doubt of Jabr which is inferred from them.

this article is a summary of one of the topics of the book “istiqsa al-afham by Mirhamid Husain Neyshabori Lakhanavi in which Bada and Tinat traditions based on Sunnite traditions have been explained. He referred to Sunnite sources to answer those sunnitte scolars which allocate these traditions to Shia. He wrote this book in replying to Heydar Feiz Abadi , sunnitte scholar of 13 century.

one of the topics related to justice of God is about disasters which human beings face during their life time. The relationship between them opens a wide range of ideas and opinions in from of any researcher. In this article, the most frequent opinions in this regard which are mostly expressed by philosophers and mystics are evaluated. The author tries to skip the fabricated justifications of these theories and return to the first step which is Hujjat (proof of God for His servants), and observing the meaning of words to find an understandable relationship between justice of God and disasters. To this end, verses of Quran and traditions have been explained as well.

the present article compares and contrasts the opinions of Mirza Mahdi Isfahani from one hand, traditionists like Mola Saleh Mazandarani from the other hand and scholars who have philosophical approach like Sadruddin Shirazi, Mola hadi Sabzavari, Mirdamad, Feyz kashani. The axis of this comparative study are differences of things, and the role of obedience and sins of free creatures.

the goal of testing prophets and infallibles with difficulties and hardship is their merit To reach higher grades. But the goal of testing usual people is reminding, punishment or atonement for their sins which cause their elevation. Therefore, misfortunes and problems put human beings in the way of perfection or decadence to distinguish good from bad. In this way claims and motos will fade and degree of patience will be clarified. In this article, the causes of hardship based on Quran and Traditions are explained to clear are hardship from God and are they compatible with His justice or are they caused by human beings? and what are the most significant elements in causing disaster?

"prior knowledge of God" and " its relationship with free will of human beings" are subject of the present article. In this regard, the nature and predicting approach in human beings have been scrutinized. It becomes clear that knowledge of other people's deliberate future deeds can not be reached by the usual human being's knowledge. Besides, the reality of free will from one hand and generality of knowledge of God since before creation of humanbeings on the other hand are emphasized and it is claimed thateven some individuals are informed of deliberate deeds of human beings in future . and the truth of their words has been cleared. The result is this that the knowledge of God since before creation of people's free will and avoiding prediction of deliberate human beings deeds of people through human beings sciences prove that knowledge of God is different from human beings knowledge. According to this, all predictions about deliberate deeds of people inevitably has a-non-created-source and merely according to what reached us from God refers to His knowledge.

the author after a brief review over the opinions of Avesina , Mollasadra, and Suhrevardi explained the opinions of Mirza Mahdi Isfahani in details . Isfahani has elaborated on the meaning of Qadriyah in traditions, Tarjih Bila Murajjah and Bada’.

the author briefly pointes out to the meaning of Adl as it meant regarding the case of its interpretation and then explained about the meaning of it based on interpretations. He interpreted Adl as the presence of the holy Ahlul Bayt. Then he tries to find the common aspects between them.

The issue of Taqdir and Qada are of highly important issues in Shia understanding. This study deals with the relationship between Taqdir and Qada through factor analysis from the view points of two great scholars sheikh Kolayni and Sheikh Saduq. The result of this study is the point that Taqdir and Qada involve all free deeds of human beings. Taqdir and Qada includes deeds of human beings who are the creatures of God determines the limitation and extent of deeds of mankind but it is this human being that put them into practice. Sins of human beings are committed while God is aware of their happening. God forbids human beings from committing them but still gives human beings this free will to act as they wish. This does not mean mankind is forced to do something (Jabr) or he is completely free (Tafviz), as this is a two way relationship. From one hand, duties and responsibilities and in the other hand the effective presence of God in deeds of mankind.