نشریه علوم و فناوری پسته
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

To study the effect of jasmonic acid on growth traits and some physiological and ecophysiological parameters of pistachio seedlings cv. Qazvini under drought stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design as factorial with two factors including jasmonic acid (0, 50 and 100 µM) sprayed at 3 times every 3 weeks and different levels of drought stress (1 day interval as control and 3, 6 and 10 days interval) with three replications. Results showed that after 70 days of drought treatments, reduced vegetative growth was observed just at highest drought level. Leaf proline and total soluble sugars were increased as the effect of drought stress and leaf total soluble proteins was also increased. SPAD index and plant height were not affected by any treatment. Based on this experiment results, application of jasmonic acid had no effect on growth of pistachio seedlings under drought stress.

In pistachio-cultured soils of Iran, particularly Rafsanjan, due to high pH and salinity, uptake and solubility of micronutrients is a serious problem and consequently, pistachio trees incline to micronutrient deficiency. Therefore, consideration of strategies such as soil or foliar application of micronutrients including Cu and Zn is essential to reduction or compensation of the elements deficiencies in pistachio plants. For this, a factorial experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications to study the effects of soil Cu and salinity application on macronutrient total uptake of pistachio seedlings in agriculture college greenhouse of vali-e-Asr university of Rafsanjan in May 2008. Treatments consisted of five salinity levels (0, 800, 1600, 2400 and 3200 mg NaCl kg soil-1), four Cu levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg Cu kg soil-1) and two pistachio cultivars (Badami Zarand and Ghazvini). Results showed that salinity stress significantly decreased P, K, Ca and Mg total shoot and root uptake (P

The purpose of this study was the selection of the best rootstocks for the maximum mineral nutrient uptake in Khorasan Razavi condition. This research was conducted with six pistachio cultivars (P. vera) including Badami Feizabad, Sarakhsi, Bargsiyah, Daneshmandi, Kalleghochi and Akbari as rootsock and two cultivars including Akbari and Bargsiyah as scion. The experiment was performed as split plot in randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications in pistachio research station of Khorasan Razavi province in four successive years (2007-2010). Results revealed between rootstocks ‘Badami-fiezabad’ rootstock had maximum and ‘Daneshmandi’ rootstock had minimum potassium absorption. ‘Kalle-ghouchi’ and ‘Daneshmandi’ rootstocks showed the maximum (198.7 ppm) and the minimum (159.3 ppm) amount of leaves iron content, respectively. ‘Kalle-ghouchi’ and ‘Akbari’ rootstocks showed the maximum (8.9 ppm ) and the minimum (5.9 ppm) amount of leaves copper content, respectively. Results about cultivars showed Akbari cultivar in compare to Bargsiyah cultivar had more calcium and potassium absorption and Bargsiyah cultivar had more Iron and Zinc absorption. Results about interaction effects showed just results was significant in potassium absorption (p

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as the most important pest in the pistachio orchards of Iran. Of controlling this pest different method as pesticides application have been used till now, but due to environmental hazard and prevention of natural resources especially in water and soil systems management and chains food uses of other method is necessary. In recent years, the plant-derived insecticids have been considered for pest's control because of their insecticidal properties. In this research, the effect of ethanolic extracts of Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ricinus communis, and Sophopra alopecuriodes on the 5th instar nymph of A. pistaciae were assayed using spray tower method at 26±2°C, 65±5 % RH and 16: 8 (L: D) photoperiod. The pistachio leaf disks were sprayed by different concentration of plant extracts. The total numbers of dead were counted after 24h. The LC50 value for T.vulgaris, R.officinalis, R.communis and S.alopecuriodes were 92002, 569592, 321218 and132393 ppm respectively. Based on the results, S.alopecuriodes plant extracts has comparatively effective on pest and it can be as an effective compound candidate in controlling this pest.

Agricultural activities so various natural dangerous, social and economic events create a risk in the agricultural production. Insurance is a developmental strategy for decreasing risk in the agriculture sector. This study attempts to examine the role of advertisement so radio, TV, Radio, magazine, agricultural experts, insurance experts and local trustees on the insurance pistachio gardens of Kerman province. Data is collected with interviews and questionnaires and it used simple random sampling. Sample is 175 Orchard man in the 2011. For analyzing data it applied binary Regression Logit. Findings investigated friends, radio, local trustees have a significant effect on the accept insurance. Marginal effect of advertisement variable by friends and local trustees on the acceptance insurance is equal to 0.8063. It means that local advertisement can increase willingness to accept insurance. Also marginal effect of advertising by radio is equal to 0.148 and it has positive effects on the advertising.

In order to study the behavior of pistachio seedlings (Pistachio vera L.) at various moisture levels and soil compaction levels at a greenhouse in a sandy loam soil with a nested design was conducted in which four levels of soil compaction and six moisture levels in three replications were applied. A total of 24 moisture levels to nest within 4 soil compaction levels and nested design were conducted based on completely randomized design. Four soil compaction levels (1.35, 1.5, 1.65 and 1.8 g/cm3) within a cylindrical building and after transferring the pistachio seedlings into soil cylinders and their establishment, six different volumetric water contents, from permanent wilting point to saturation, for each compaction level were applied. Soil compaction reduced shoot dry weight and concentration and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots and roots of pistachio. High and low moisture reduces parameters at different soil compaction levels, and soil compaction adverse effects of stress on the parameters escalated. The density of 1.35, 1.5 and 1.8 g/cm3 highest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus of root, highest amount of nitrogen and potassium of roots and highest amount of phosphorus of shoots and roots were observed in the least limiting water range. The density of 1.8 g/cm3 maximum dry weight of shoots and roots, the maximum amount of nitrogen of shoot, highest concentration and amount of potassium were observed in the least limiting water range. Overall, soil compaction and high and deficit soil moisture content reduced parameter being measured.