مجله فرآیند نو
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1395)

Nowadays, Industrial production of biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas) has reached to an optimum level. Biofuel production from low quality feedstock) second generation biofuels( would be a sustainable path to provide fuels and energy in industrial sections. Annually, in Iran, more than 15 million tons of agricultural wastes is produced, however, 0.7% of annual energy consumption is generated from biomass. In this article, Fischer-Tropsch process has been discussed as an approach for producing bio-diesel from biomass. The final cost of bio-diesel product is estimated between 23000 to 40000 Rials per liter can be reduced by process optimization or combination of coal and biomass plants. This process can also be an environmental friendly approach by reducing carbon dioxide emission.

Asphaltene deposition is one of the main problems in asphaltenic oil fields.The aim of this work presents a model for predicting the rate of asphaltene deposition in flowing system. The model should be able to predict the effect of velocity, temperature on deposition rate. To study of asphaltene deposition in flowing system, a flow assurance type setup is needed. The models were used for measuring the rate of asphaltene deposition is based on fouling models for heat exchanger.These models have two terms, the deposition and removal terms. The deposition terms are the same in the all of the models but the rate of removal is described either by shear-related or mass-transfer related expressions.The results of data fitting show that there are good agreement between the predicted thickness and the experimental value.

Today the emphasis is to recover sulfur in environmentally safe conditions. Catalysts which used in these reactors can play an important role in controlling and reducing emissions. If we have the selective catalysts and how to arrange them in such a way that the maximum conversion in the reactor so, the emissions of H_2 S and 〖SO〗_2 at the output of the unit significantly will reduce.. In this study was investigated the alternative catalysts can used in this unit. It was found in addition to alumina and titania which are conventional catalysts for the production of sulfur with high resistance and conversion, natural materials like Faujasite, Sepiolite and Pumice can also be used as an alternative catalyst. Sepiolite is due to the abundance, low cost and high activity has greater potential for catalyst replacement. Ceria also shows high activity and conversion in laboratory scale

In this study, one-step membrane separation process for CO2-removal from natural gas was simulated using mathematical models by Aspen-Hysys software. The results of simulation were verified using published process data of other papers. Temperature, pressure, and flow rate of natural gas, and permeate pressure are amongst parameters affecting the cost of process. The process cost as a function of all influencing factors was determined. To achieve optimal economic conditions, a full factorial two level design with one center point was used. Temperature, pressure, and flow rate of gas feed, and permeate pressure of optimum economic point was estimated respectively 30 0C, 5 atm, 2 MMSCF/hr, and 0.1 atm. Around minimal economic point, the effect of considered parameters was investigated. The result showed that, as temperature, and pressure of feed gas and permeate pressure decreased, the process cost decreased. And also the process cost increased as feed flow rate decreased.

Oil spills is one of major marine environment challenge. The main impacts on the marine environment can be cited such as reduction in light transmission and also oxygen absorption and breakup which these prevents water plants photosynthesis. In this research, we used SpecTIR airborne sensor data and extracted and classified oils spills due DWH which happened in Gulf of Mexico at 2010. Atmospheric correction is done, because the data was in radiance level. In the next step, pure members extracted using PPI and FPPI algorithm with 1000 iterations and then they clustered 6 classes.Pure members classified in 6 classes of oil ratio, as 100%,80%,60%,40%,20% and water, rationality.Finally, FPPI had satisfactory results as it produces Infeasibility images for overtop False Alarm problem and also it doesnt need to use all of the pure member's spectral patterns for doing an accurate analysis in image.

Sour gas contains mercaptan and in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. For separation acid gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, gas sweetening processes using chemical solvents, which is the best type of MDEA, is used. The main point of the amine solvent is the selective absorption of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of carbon dioxide. In this paper, the effect of operating and process conditions was considered using Aspen Plus software in gas sweetening. Simulation results show that the error is less than 5%. Also, by increasing the amount of power of reboiler and inlet temperature, the output flow increases.

In this thesis the effect of adding parallel nano clay and graphene and their weight percent changes on the impact strength of polypropylene is investigated. Also compatibilizer " maleic anhydride-grafted- polypropylene " (PP-g-MA) was used.
Making nanocomposites was performed according to the melt mixing method. All combinations and pure states materials were mixed together in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and then injection molded into standard impact test samples. Izod impact Resistance of notched specimens was studied experimentally.
Morphology of the blendes was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Micrographes showed that the dispersion of particles in the lower percentages are better. The experimental results showed that impact strength of all triple and Quad nanocomposites compared to pure PP is reduced.

Those Leaders who demonstrate transformational behaviors create a series of positive effects in the organization. This study examined the mediating role of transformational leadership to facilitate innovations and innovative culture in Abadan Oil Refinery done. and the participants were the workers of Abadan Refinery which were 5225 people, 358 using the Cochran formula the sample size was. The research method was descriptive in nature and in terms of practical implementation survey. To check the normality of the distribution of variable data Kolmogorov- Smirnov test was used. The data was collected through a questionnaire, and to analyze the collected data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics Using the software spss were used. The results obtained show that between transformative leadership and facilitate innovation and innovation culture and transformational leadership style (Inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual simulation and individual consideration) by facilitating innovation, and there is a positive effect between culture innovation.