مجله حسابداری مدیریت
پیاپی 17 (تابستان 1392)

The present study investigates the impact of asset's age and business strategies on the relationship between the growth of assets and the operational performance of the companies. return on net operational assets is considered to be the representatives of the operational performance of the companies. For this purpose, a sample including 86 companies listed at Tehran's stock exchange during the 2006 and 2010 has been studied. By doing hierarchical cluster analysis, the companies were categorized into two clusters of cost leadership and product differentiation. In order to analyze and examine the relationship between the variables in our study, the approaches of balanced panel data was used. The results show that there's a significant relationship between and the asset's age operational performance of the companies. These findings underline the influence of the variables of the asset's age and business strategies on the relationship between growth of the assets and the performance of the companies. These results indicate that the impact of factors on the growth of assets in the companies with older assets is more intensive. From the other hand, the findings show that the impact of the growth of the assets in the companies following the product differentiation approach is negative. Since the main key to success in investments is to determine each company’s particular competitive advantage and the stability thereof; hence, the empirical results of these strategic concepts could provide a useful mechanism for entrepreneurs in order to gain a better future performance.

Among the topics which have been neglected or paid less attention in our country, is the consideration of relative information resulted from the difference between the expressive and definite taxes of the companies. This research intends to investigate the scale of correlation of the difference related to expressive and definite tax of the companies and the value of the stock market and the output of the stocks. Also in this research the scale of correlation of the difference related to expressive and definite tax of the companies with the low earning quality and the value of its stock market are going to be examined. The research results show that there is not a significantly relation in this regard. Also in the companies with the low earning quality, the reason of difference related to expressive and definite tax does not play an important role in the judgment of the companies’ work. The reason which can be mentioned for this lack of impression on the value of the stock market is that between the expressive interest by the tax clients and the income inclusive tax designated by tax foundation

In recent decade development of information and rapid advancement of technology has created great change in all aspects of human life and activities and has caused moving towards the knowledge-based economy and has led to change dominant paradigm on the industrial economy. So it can be seen today knowledge and Information-based economy that the basis and foundation on which is based on the intangible assets and intellectual capital. In such environment, intellectual capital of organizations has been considered more than past as a competitive advantage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intellectual capital of the board of directors on firm’s Value and financial performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the variables on each other in the field of the knowledge-based sectors. Hypotheses are based on three variables: Number of directors with Ph.D. degree, Tobin’s Q and Return on Equity and in sample of 60 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and using data for the years 1388-1390, were analyzed using correlation and regression. The results of this analysis indicate that: The number of scientists on the board has a positive impact on the firm’s Value and financial performance in knowledge-based sectors.

There is considerable research on accrual-based earnings management in accounting literature but, real activities-based earnings management and its effects are less investigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of real earnings management activities and future performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research utilizes panel data method and a sample of 123 firms during the period 2000-2010. Following Cohen & Zarowin (2010), we use the abnormal cash flows from operations, abnormal cost of production and abnormal discretionary expenditures as proxies of real earnings management activities. The future cash flows from operations and future earnings from operations are considered as proxies of future performance. The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship between abnormal cash flows from operations, abnormal cost of production, and abnormal discretionary expenditures as the proxies of real earnings management and future performance.

In this study, the effect of board characteristics as corporate governance determinants on the firm debt maturity structure has been investigated. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review the effect of board size, percentage of non executive directors in the board and CEO/Chair duality as independent variables on debt maturity structure as a dependent variable in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve the objective, 8 year information (2002-2009) of 72 firms were analyzed. To hypotheses testing, we have employed multivariate regression with panel data. The research results imply that there is a positive significant relation between board size and debt maturity structure. There is also a negative significant relation between percentage of non executive directors and debt maturity structure. Additionally, it was not found any relation between CEO/Chair duality and debt maturity structure. Research findings represent the effect of strong board on financing decisions. Furthermore, hypnoses testing among different industries indicate that about relation of the board size and debt maturity structure in Drug and Automobile industries there are significant positive relations and in Cement industry there exists a negative relation. In Cement and Food Industries, percentage of non executive directors in the board has a significant negative relation. The relation between CEO/Chair duality and debt maturity structure is also negative in the level of Chemical, Drug and Food.

This research experimentally examines impact of implementing revised auditing standard requirements No. 700 in reducing the audit expectations gap and enhancing the role and importance of auditing. In recent years, several researches indicate the existence and continuity of the audit expectations gap (Gold et al, 2012). Although the auditing profession has always had numerous efforts to reduce this gap, but it seems they were not very useful. The main vehicle of communication between auditors and users of accounting reports is audit report, and therefore the efforts of the auditing profession have been through its modification. Last attempt of profession therefore, was to release the revised version of the standard 700 in relation to how the audit report has been developed which appears to emphasize on the increasing of vividness degree (wording and presentations) in audit reports. Unfortunately, such activities haven not always supported by research evidences and therefore has not been very effective. Gold et al (2012) presented evidence of absence impact of auditing standard 700 requirements in Europe (Germany). The results of this study suggests, firstly: that there is high audit expectations gap in Iran, and secondly: that the requirements of auditing standard 700 have little impact to reduce this gap. The audit report based on reporting requirements or revised ISA700 leads to increased attention drawing performance indeed.

Voluntary disclosure result to increasing value relevance because of increasing decisionmaking accuracy. In this study to evaluate the different decision making styles a cognitiveand behavioral model are used. The field of this research in terms of territory subject to the "theory of information overload" and Processing "Brunswick Leans Model" is placed in behavioral accounting. This research has a quasi-experimental method. Research period are in 2012. For purposes of this study, experimental group (176 respondents) and control group (158 respondents) were classified in the four dominant styles: directive, analytical, conceptual, and behavioral. Also, investors in terms of the brain dominant style and cognitive complexity so as uncertainty about the tolerance level were classified. Evidence was presented that shows left-brain dominant style to spend more time on average to process information. Also, Analytical decision-making style than other styles as well as spend more time to process information. Indeed High complexity styles have Accuracy after Voluntary disclosure presented. But we didn’t find any relationship between Voluntary disclosure and other styles decision-making accuracy. So, we can result Voluntary disclosure don’t have respected to increasing value relevance.