فصلنامه تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 66 (تابستان 1395)

The absence of an obvious image from the quiddity of historiography text has led to difficulty and complexity in conceptualizing and theorizing within the domain of theoretical studies of history. This difficulty has been extended even in the identification of applicability of historiography text by the researchers in the domain of historiography. It seems that solving this problem is in need of relying on a pattern of historical texts for the purpose of crystallizing the concept of historiography text and identifying its applicability. This writing concludes that varieties of historical texts are available and considering them as historiography text is along with unanimousness so that they can be called “pattern texts”. On the basis of the findings of this article, “historical happening” can be considered as the common aspect among these kinds of texts, the fundamental principle of historiography texts as well as the criterion towards the identification of this applicability. Based on the definition of “historical happening” presented in this article, the textual issues like classes, travel books, biography and kinship are regarded as non historical and consequently, the characteristics of these works have been measured different from the characteristics of historiography texts.

Fadakiyeh sermon considered as one of the vocal communication in the clear historical text develops one of the political, social and cultural speech following the departure of Prophet Mohammad PBUH. One of the ways of analyzing these texts as part of religious inheritance is through the investigation of the text within the framework of speech act. Based on this theory, the presenter speaks in a particular context and besides uttering words in the diverse propositions, he does some actions divided into declarative, constative, commissive, acknowledgements, and declarative. It is concluded that, the constative and declarative are observed more than the other acts in this sermon and regarding the context of presenting the sermon and its historical grounds, it is realized that holiness Fatimah PBUH has followed the tradition of Prophet Mohammad PBUH after his departure.

The lifetime of Imam Baqer is considered as a significant turning point in the Shiite life due to the social and intellectual aspects. The studies concerning the social history of Shiites, having been increasingly developed in the recent years, are given extra significance related to those historical points. The present article, taking advantage of the reports presented in different historical sources, is to find a response to the questions related to the most significant social challenges of Shiites in this era within the intellectual and behavioral domain. In accordance with the findings of this research, the most significant social challenges of Shiites in that era are classified into: the disagreement and separation among Shiites via the increase of Kisaniyeh and providing the ground for the appearance of Zeidiyeh, lack of relationship between Shiites of Kufah and Imam Baqer PBUH and its effect on the deviation of their beliefs, the economical problems of Shiites and their dispute in this regard and finally the advent of extremists and the effect of their inappropriate beliefs and behaviors on the deviation of some Shiites and making them infamous.

It has been referred a lot to the events occurred in the history of early Islam following the departure of Prophet Mohammad PBUH. The present writing has endeavored to investigate the behavior of a group against Imam Ali PBUH regarding the right of caliphate of prophet’s Family pertaining to the following issues: the justification and interpretation of Qur’anic reasons, falsification of the reason for the revelation of verses, altering the meaning of verses, justification and interpretation of tradition documents, literal and conceptual alteration of tradition, justification of caliphate through consultation, falsification of virtues for caliphs, developing sects. Accordingly, it is concluded that the disagreement between Shiites and Sunnites related to caliphate is greatly affected by the negative activities of elites against the caliphate of Imam Ali PBUH.

Emirate considered as a political structure in Iran of the Islamic era and being of the social, economic and cultural aspects accomplished a unity as the requirement of a united political organization via taking advantage of the latest appeared grounds after Islam as well as Iranian political traditions. Considering a position for the emirates of Samanids, Ghaznavids and Buyids in the maintenance of Iranian identity and taking the effective advantage of previous political traditions of Iran as well as the descriptive-analytical approach, this writing is to answer the question regarding the effect of these emirates on the accomplishment of kingship system with the Islamic-Iranian approach. The findings of this research clarify that the political and social convergence of Iran in the Islamic period and the endeavor of Iranians towards the maintenance of their identity is the consequence of the mindful action of aforementioned emirates and the great role of commanders of this century in the history of Iran up to the advent of monarchy system with the Iranian-Islamic approach.

Since the earliest Islamic centuries the development of Shiite trends has been constantly one of the concerns of governments in the strategic areas of Syria including the present district of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan. The rulers of this area, since the time of Atabakan e- Zangi -521-624 After Hijrah- till the end of Mamluks era -650-922 After Hijrah- followed their policy to strengthen the traditions of Sunnites through the development of schools. This issue led to the development of narrative sciences and prevalence of selfism due to their adequate dynamism. At this time, Shiite could provide the ground toward the improvement of Shiite beliefs and their propagation in the other areas. This writing is to study the religious policies as well as the educational-scientific status of Syria in this span of time through the investigation of primary historical sources.

The history of tendency towards Islam in the southeastern Asia refers to the first decades in the 20th century A. C synchronized with Muslim fighting over the independency against the European anti-colonialists. In the majority of these areas due to the advent of non religious governments and after achieving the political independency, the fighting of followers of Islam kept on and it appeared the Islamic movements with the purpose of the development of Islamic government. One the most significant and efficient movements is Dar Al Arqam of Malaysia which could be of great effect on the propagation of Islam in the southeastern Asia, furthermore, it cold present a modern paradigm out of an Islamic government via the renovation of Prophet Mohammad’s life style in the early Islam. Relying on the primary researches in this domain, this writhing has endeavored to investigate the trend of advancement and activities of Dar Al Arqam movement towards the development of religious government in Malaysia, the role and position of this movement in favor of the propagation of Islam in Malaysia as well as the neighboring countries and finally the reason of its breakdown by the government of Malaysia. The findings of research illustrates that this movement was shaped in order to develop an Islamic government and preserve the Islamic identity of Muslims of Malaysia against the changes as a result of the economic growth as well as the secularism of the dominant political structure, and lastly it was eliminated by the government of this country due to its changing into the political threat against the Malaysia government and the propagating some deviated beliefs.