نشریه عقل و دین
پیاپی 5 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

With pay attention to the point that Islamic philosophers and theologians introduce the Necessary Being pure good and they believe decisively to be good world of being, the question is mooted that why God has scared his servants from punishment and why punishes sinners in the last world? Is the scare and punishment agreeable with to be good world of being and to be benevolent God?
For the reason that above questions are general disturbance, this writing proceeds to explaining different solutions that Islamic philosophers and theologians have presented and finally with criticize of theologian solutions, concludes that solution of philosophers for the problem is correct.

In Islamic culture, invocation and prayer by God has been emphasized and it is necessary. This research wants theoretically and fundamentally to answer the main question “what is an effect of prayer in education of people Quran and inferable words` point of view?” by library manner and note taking of religious texts for analyzing them.
Researcher firstly pays attention to the meaning of prayer and knows that it is with request. Then he considers the necessity of prayer, and in third step, explains the rank of prayer that divided into four dimensions such as physical requirements, solving the problems, discharging eschatological tortures and the acceptance of innate requirements of people.
In next step, the effect of prayer in training of human has considered in four stages and its results are as following:From a behavior viewpoint, worshiper should be forgotten any bodies except God and be honesty and away from evil attributes too and have divine attributes.
From social viewpoint, worshiper for the acceptance the prayer should first prioritize the prayer to others in spite of own prayer and second, pay attention to prayer with group.
From an emotional viewpoint, worshiper should be shown own feeling in the beginning of prayer by God`s praise then shown own love to the Prophet and the prophet’s families by benediction upon the Prophet and also seeking forgiveness from God.
From physical viewpoint, religious people should pay attention to treatment with prayer by preventing and treatment with drugs and the best key for solving mental and physical diseases and eliminating life`s anxieties are prayer of God.

The main concern in the study is answer to the question that what factors effect on the formation of Mirza Naeini’s political thought. Firstly, with looking at the political thought of the great Faqih, has been studied analytically the roots of the idea, from these factors can refer to school of Samarra, jurisprudential method of Akhund Khorasani, relation to current of reformism and modernism, etc.

Morality of the Prophet is something extraordinary which from the perspective of the Quran is inaccessible to the others; historical reports suggest that this level of moral life is limited to the Prophet Muhammad. These characteristics which have been stated in the Quran as great morality caused many hearts be desirous to the Prophet and throughout history, many tend to be Muslim.
Dr Beheshti, thinker, philosopher and contemporary Islam researcher, using behavioral techniques presented the theory of miracle of prophetic ethics which has been critically reviewed in the department of Philosophy and Wisdom at the Institute of Islamic Thought and Culture, and finally was accepted. From his viewpoint, the Prophet ethics stands in such a level of miracle and greatness that is considered a miracle like Quran which demonstrates the truth of message of the Prophet. It located in a level higher than the other Prophets miracles and lower than the Quran miracle. This research with considering the fundamentals of Quran and hadith, reviews this new theory and presents the Quranic and hadith confirmations of the truth of this theory.

Quran unlike many schools and sects reminds importance and crucial role of reason in human life and commands to tafakkor (thinking) and tadabbor (deliberation) in the large volume of his verses. With study of these verses can understand, these two words are different in terms of premises, belongings and results, because belonging of tafakkor is Quran, world, spirit and history whereas belonging of tadabbor is Quran. Tafakkor unlike tadabbor is not praised absolutely and unconditional. Tafakkor is associated with wisdom, but tadabbor is associated with the heart. Subject of tafakkor is only human but subject of tadabbor is God, human or angels.

Place of intellect and scope of its intervention in shariah in the field of religious studies has been subject at hand between researchers and so it is topic of important discussions in different branches of Islamic sciences. Salafism and Albani from the defenders of the sect in the contemporary period have denied intellectual goodness and badness and they have not accepted intellect as one of the sources of shariah. He knows void and handmade all of the wisdom traditions. Also he knows intellectual defense from religion that is named theology (Kalam science) as a new problem that unprecedented in the past of Muslim community and so it is illegitimate. He believes that theology has infected shariah. We know in this writing the weak sides of his beliefs.

Aristotle in the demonstration of the primary mover‚ and Avicenna in the demonstration of mover and creator God have used from the first efficient Cause. According to the beliefs of traditional interpreters‚ Aristotle introduces the factor only as the ultimate cause of world’s movements and the world moves for appetite and analogy to him. Also‚ according to Traditional exponents belief of Avicenna’s effects‚ he is known To crystallize The First causal only in Subjective causal; While according To his opinion‚ Agency and Extremity are exactly Similar To each other at nature of God; So he is also First cause and very goals. So because of some available pieces from Aristotle which present that he have pointed to Subjective causal of non-moving God. This article explained either that Aristotle believed ultimate causal in addition To Subjective causal and also Avicenna have known Subjective causal with ultimate causal not apart from each other.