مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، پاییز 1393)

Future studies of acting as an independent interdisciplinary field of epistemology and methodology is the support. There are still different levels and layers of social and studies in the field of social sciences is not properly understanding and research works in the field of international relations can be seen below. The aim of this study is that its findings come to find possible causes of inattention to scripting as one of the tools used in the first and futures in the study of international relations in Iran. Accordingly, the next review of the methodology and content of research papers produced in the field of futures studies relying on scripting methods in specialized journals in political science and international relations in the period 2009-2014 with the approach of the analysis to quantify - statistical evaluation is critical. The findings show that innovation and novelty of the field of study, unscientific myths and expectations of future research and application of appropriate methods, the familiar little professors, students and researchers of international relations in this field of study, time consuming and financial costs such research and the lack of accumulated knowledge of the possible factors contributing to the lack of attention to the findings future studies in general and in particular.

Turkey's foreign policy towards Syria has experienced significant ups and downs over the past decade. The development of relations between the two countries in the political, economic, cultural and security fields began in the early decade of the 21st century, in 2002, and peaked between 2008 and mid-2011. With the beginning of the developments and the beginning of the protests in Syria in mid-2011, the approach of the leaders of the Justice and Development Party to this country changed and the relations between the two countries progressed to the stage of military confrontation. The present study seeks to explain why and how this change in the foreign policy of the Turkish Justice and Development Party towards Syria. The hypothesis processed in the framework of constructivist theory in this research is formulated in such a way that the basic components of the neo-Ottomanism discourse, ie, "zero problems with neighbors" on the one hand, and the attempt to present a picture of Turkey on the other. As a "model of democracy, freedom and human rights", on the other hand, it has paved the way for radical changes in Turkey's foreign policy towards Syria. The premise of the research is that the elements and minutes of neo-Ottoman discourse in Turkish foreign policy are in a contradictory and paradoxical situation. The findings of the study indicate that Turkey's cooperative approach to Syria is within the framework of the requirements of the most important component of the neo-Ottomanist discourse, which is to reduce Turkey's problems with its neighbors to zero. Syria is the gateway to the Arab-Islamic countries in the Middle East, with the expansion of relations with them paving the way for the restoration of cultural and political influence and access to the great Arab economic market for Turkey. In contrast, the second fundamental component of the neo-Ottoman discourse is the attempt to present Turkey as a model for democracy, freedom, and human rights in the eyes of public opinion, the Middle East political elite, and to appease Western pro-Syrian opposition forces. Provides divergence in Turkey's relations with Syria.

Since the beginning of the unrest in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011 Syria has been continually subjected to instability, unrest and civil war between Assad government and opposition groups. Syrian problem has turned to a dilemma for the international society. Arguing about the roots and causes of unrest in Syria has been undergone in academic community until now. Given the diversity of causes and complexity of conditions in this country, every approach and theory can explain just some part of the issue. Author in this article views the issue from the lens of Huntington's “Unbalanced Developmentˮ theory. Research findings show that in Bashar Assad era, the trends of economic development and political development have not been balanced or harmonized; this means that despite of the moving toward the economic liberalization, Assad government tilted toward the authoritarianism in political realm. And this unbalanced situation led to the reaction of the society in the forms of protests, instability and unrest in Syria. Besides this structural factor, the role of foreign actors via protecting the government or opposition groups is very important in deteriorating the situation and continuation of the crisis.

Socialization is among the most important concepts in International Relations Theory. Various theories of International Relations about socialization could be divided into two main categories. The first category consists of theories (like neo-realism and institutionalism) that believe socialization is a strategic calculation mechanism and the second category consists of theories(like constructivism and English School) that consider three generic social mechanisms—role playing, persuasion and Learning a new language —and their ability to promote socialization.

"Network governance" has been used both as a metaphor to describe the growth of complex issues, the increasing segregation of society and a bridge across sectoral boundaries, and as a response by policymakers to the dynamics of interactions in a changed policy environment. This study intends to examine the concept of network governance and its functions, to express its advantages and desirability as an analytical approach to describe and explain public policies and government performance. To this end, while introducing three general and classical forms of governance, namely hierarchy, market and network; The characteristics of each are listed and finally the desirability of the shape of governance networks is expressed. The network governance framework recognizes that public policy is no longer formulated solely by the government but is a network of connections between various actors such as politicians, bureaucrats, private companies, pressure groups and citizens. Of course, network governance faces challenges such as good network management, democracy, accountability, and communication regulation. This study introduces frameworks such as supra-governance and combined strategies of leadership and self-regulation, and introduces solutions to address these challenges.

This paper is an attempt to discuss about the justice concept according to MirzaMalkom Khan thought and to answer the questions about his inference and purpose from justice. The present research uses Skinner's intentionalism hermeneutics to show that MirzaMalkam Khan intended to change justice from a king attribution to an entity. He needed law making instead of Jing's tyrant commands and local autocratic system in order to achieve an institutionalized justice which he thought to be as justice ministry or EdalatKhaneh. He realized this dream through special tasks conducted in law office and compilation of unique rules for the country. He was affected by European countries and ottoman rules, in this regard. He believed that the institutional justice is the key to stability and security in Iran and provides the country with development and prosperity.