مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 83، زمستان 1394)

The aim of the current study was to qualitatively investigate spirituality and resilience from the perspective of a group of Iranian immigrant women in Melbourne (Australia).
The study was performed using qualitative ethnographic research method. Thus, the target population was observed for 2.5 years and took part in semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations.
The results showed that the majority of participants experienced high resilience and the spirituality/religiosity was one of the most effective factors in adapting to existing situation. Also, the experience of resilience and spirituality had led to a feeling of psychological health.
According to the obtained results, spirituality/religiosity not only can create a framework for finding meaning in pain, and dealing with crisis but also can enhance the individual’s psychological health.

The present study was performed to examine the relationship between fathers’ lifestyles and parenting styles of drug addicts compared to normal individuals.
The study sample consisted of 173 addicted subjects referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran and 195 normal subjects selected using convenience sampling method. Data were obtained using Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success-Adult form (BASIS_A), and Baumrind Parenting Styles; and were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and MANOVA.
Some lifestyles’ subscales significantly predicted parenting styles in addicted and normal subjects. There was no significant difference between the two groups considering the relationships between paternal parenting styles and children’s gender and family structure.
The results support the influence of father's lifestyle on his parenting style. Thus, the lifestyle should be emphasized as a crucial psychological issue.

The aim of the present study was to predict students’ academic performance based on attachment styles and different levels of adjustment.
This is a correlational study. Samples included 383 students (167 girls and 216 boys) who were chosen using multi-stage cluster sampling from high school students of district 2 in Tehran; they completed Collins and Read’s Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and Singha and Sing’s Adjustment Inventory for high School Students (AISS). Student's grade-point averages were used to measure their academic performance. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and analysis of regression.
The results revealed a significant negative correlation between avoidant and anxiety attachment styles with academic performance (p Considering the results of the current study, the importance of attachment styles and different levels of adjustment should be considered as important factory in academic achievement of students.

The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of Persianself-report version ofSwanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale (version IV) (SNAP-IV).
The study population consisted of all 13 to 15 year-old female students of Shiraz city. To prepare the Persian self-report form of SNAP-IV rating scale, the English text of the scale (parent form) was translated into Farsi. Then some changes were made in the translated text in line with self-report form of the scale. The content, response framework, and expressiveness of Persian form were confirmed by psychologist referees. Then, 290 students who were selected through convenient sampling method completed the questionnaire. To assess construct validity, the Letter-Number Sequencing subtest was conducted on 30 students. Also, SNAP-IV rating scale (parent form) was given to the parents of these 30 students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and skewness), Pearson’s correlation and exploratory factor analysis.
The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed two distinct factors of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. These two factors explained 38.23% of total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient for inattention dimension were 0.81, 0.81 and 0.80, respectively and for hyperactivity/impulsivity were 0.75, 0.65 and 0.64, respectively.
Based on the results, the Persian self-report version of the SNAP-IV can be used for assessing and screening adolescents with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of acceptance- rejection of parents (mother and father version) and spouse questionnaire.
220 married participants (120 women and 100 men) were selected using multiphase cluster sampling from 4 universities in city of Tehran and completed parental acceptance-rejection (adult PARQ), intimate partner acceptance-rejection (IARQ) and personality assessment questionnaires. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Content validity of questionnaires was confirmed by 3 experts. The internal consistency in all versions was more than 0.80 and test-retest reliability showed stability of scores after 3 months. The correlation of parental and spouse acceptance-rejection with subscals of psychological maladjustment confirmed criterion validity of the test. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed sufficient fitness of 4-factor model of instrument and confirmed its construct validity.
Overall, the finding showed good validity and reliability of parental and intimate partner acceptance-rejection instruments among Iranian students and thus can be utilized in research and clinical settings.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Lucid Dream Questionnaire in a sample of Semnan University students.
The population consisted of all the students of Semnan University in 2014-2015 academic year. The sample included 350 students selected by stratified random sampling method. All participants completed Lucid Dream Questionnaire, Cattell's 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire and Levenson Locus of Control questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with external criteria.
Lucid Dream Questionnaire has one factor with acceptable reliability. Lucid Dream scores had moderate correlations with social boldness, dominance, emotional sensitivity, phobia, and conservative by experimentation of Cattell's Questionnaire and also with Levenson Locus of Control (LOC) subscale.
Lucid Dream Questionnaire has appropriate reliability and validity in university of Semnan students.

The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of Online Game Addiction Inventory in under graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz.
Of all under graduate students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz during 2014-15 academic year, 300 under graduate students from Shahid Chamran University were selected using multistage random sampling method. Samples completed Online Game Addiction Inventory and Young Internet Addiction Inventory. Cronbach’s alpha was used for examining the internal consistency of Online Game Addiction Inventory. The study tool was validated using construct, criterion and convergent validity.
Cronbach’s alpha was calculated 0.95 for this inventory under study. Construct validity confirmed and principal component analysis with Varimax rotation identified two factors, namely, ethical and mood problems and education and employment problems, respectively. These two factors accounted for 57% of the total variance. Independent t-test results revealed significant difference on the mean scores of online game addiction between the two addicted and normal groups. The results showed a significant difference in a rate of online game addiction between two groups. Convergent validity was tested by administration of Online Game Addiction Inventory and Young Internet Addiction Inventory concurrently; correlation coefficient was obtained 0.7.
Current study results showed appropriate psychometric features of Online Game Addiction Inventory. Therefore, it can be used for examining online game addiction in Iran.

The aim of the present study was to determine social phobia and its relationship with demographic characteristics in adults with stuttering disorder.
The present descriptive-analytic study conducted among 30 adults 18 years and older (25 male, 5 female) with stuttering disorder with high school diploma or higher education certificates. Stuttering and its severity were examined by "Severity of Stuttering Instrument-3rd edition". Social phobia measured by "Social Phobia Inventory". Data were analyzed via SPSS software using Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Findings indicated that 26% of adults (8 of 30 people) had high level of social phobia. There was no significant relationship between social phobia and age (r=0.075, p=0.696). Also there were no significant differences in level of social phobia between women and men and subjects with different level of education (p=0.148, p=0.357).
Social phobia is not related to demographic characteristics like age, gender or education in adult with stuttering disorder.