Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:21 Issue: 7, 2016 July

The nonamnesic type of mild cognitive impairment (na?MCI) is predementia state with subtle decline incognitive domains except memory. Although cognitive rehabilitation (CR) has been investigated in amnesic type of MCI, we could not find any trial that rehabilitated na?MCI exclusively. We studied the effectiveness of CR on na?MCI.
This study was a blinded, randomized clinical trial. Individuals with age of 60 years or more, complete self?directedness and diagnosis of na?MCI,based on Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive assessment tool, were selected. The 51 patients were randomly assigned into three groups:CR, lifestyle (LS) modification, and the control group (CG). Neuropsychological tests for executive functioning were assessed at the baseline, after the interventions, and 6 months later.
The mean score of the “design fluency” test increased significantly in CR, compared to LS and CG (P = 0.007). In “five?point” test, mean score increased significantly in CR (P = 0.03). There was higher
mean score of Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function for adults in CR (P = 0.01).
Consideration of the MCI subtypes allows us to target specific cognitive domains, such as information processing, for better CR outcome. CR may result in better performance of executive functioning of daily living.

This study aimed to evaluate the strength of anti?Mullerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in reflecting the antral follicle count (AFC) in infertile females.
This cross?sectional study was conducted on 160 females, visiting infertility clinic for assisted reproduction. Serum samples collected on the 3rd day of the cycle were assayed for FSH, luteinizing hormone, and AMH while AFC was assessed via transvaginal ultrasound. The study cohort was segregated into three groups based on AFC.
Chronological age and FSH was significantly high in females with very low AFC (P Compared to female’s age and FSH, AMH is superior in clustering study cohort on the bases of antral follicular pool,especially in setups with nonavailability of technological expertise to assess AFC. Incorporation of AMH along with other biomarkers improves estimation of baseline ovarian reserve, required to standardize dose for optimum response; avoiding the risk of failure to retrieve oocyte or inappropriate stimulation leading to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Further prospective studies are required to ascertain its role in predicting the outcomes of ART in such patients.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems during reproductive ages, with prevalence rate of 60–90%. This study aimed to compare the effects of acupressure at Guan yuan (RN-4) and Qu gu (RN-2) acupoints, self-care behaviors training, and ibuprofen on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea based on McGill pain questionnaire.
In the randomized clinical trial, 120 females, aged between 18 and 25 years, with primary dysmenorrhea, randomly selected from five dormitories of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran were screened and randomized into acupressure group, in that pressure was applied for 20 min over the 1st 2 days of menstruation for two cycles. In the second group, the training group took part in four educational sessions each lasting for 60–90 min and control group received ibuprofen 400 mg. The intensity of pain before and after the intervention was measured using short-form McGill pain questionnaire. The data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 16) and analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test.
A significant difference was found in the mean intensity of pain before and after the intervention in all the three study groups. The mean score of pain intensity was 10.65 ± 5.71 in the training group, 19 ± 5.41 in the control group, and 14.40 ± 6.87 in the acupressure group after the intervention. The results of Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that both interventions were more effective compared to consumption of ibuprofen.
Training and acupressure were more effective than ibuprofen in the reduction of dysmenorrhea. Thus, they can be considered as trainable methods without side effects in adolescent girls.

Strontium, zinc, and potassium salts have been demonstrated to inhibit irritation and infl ammation when applied topically. Particularly, strontium chloride (SC) and potassium nitrate (KN) are reported to reduce skin and tooth sensitivity.The aim of the present study was to compare the anti-irritant eff ects of four inorganic salts and assign the ingredient which can suppress skin irritation due to chemical or environmental exposure, more eff ectively. We compared the anti-infl ammatory eff ects of SC, strontium nitrate (SN), KN, and zinc chloride (ZC).
This double-blind trial was conducted on 32 healthy volunteers with sensitive skin. Irritation was induced by 24 h and exposure with 1.0% sodium lauryl sulfate on arms.Treatments were applied by an ointment of SN, SC hexahydrate, KN, and ZC and their 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v) concentrations were prepared. The dosage was twice daily for 6 days to the irritated areas. Skin reactions were evaluated instrumentally.
SC had a benefi cial eff ect that was signifi cant overall. All other treatments exert a protective eff ect in skin barrier function but not significantly. With the exception of ZC, all test substances improved skin hydration but the eff ect of SC was signifi cant. In respect of colorimetric assessment, all treatments, excluding ZC, reduced erythema significantly compared with an untreated control 7 days after treatment start. Th ere was no support for a dose-response eff ect.
Analysis of the biometric measurements revealed that the strontium salts are best, not treating is worst, and there is little diff erence between the other treatments. Hence, the skin care products containing SC and SN may reduce the signs and symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis.

The aim of this study was to validate the Farsi version of Rome III modular questionnaire which contains all functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).
We used Rome foundation guidelines for translation of English version into Farsi, and all the steps were performed. In the first step, 2 forward translations into Farsi were completed by two authors separately, and then translators, who participated in Step 1, together with our monitor, compared the two target-language versions and made some changes. The product of Phase 2 was translated back into English by an American-Iranian physician. The final step was comparison of the two English versions and validation of the translation. In this step, we compared the final version item by item, and also we used focus groups of patients after pretesting.
Our results showed that FGIDs questionnaire diagnosed 153 patients among 169 patients who were diagnosed to have different types of FGIDs. The sensitivity of this questionnaire was 90.5%. It was determined that the odd questions’ values of Cronbach’s alpha was 0.77 (very reliable), and it was 0.71 (very reliable) in other sections. The split-half test reliability of whole items value was 0.72, which is statistically significant.
Our findings showed that the Farsi version of Rome III diagnostic questionnaire for the adult functional gastrointestinal disorders demonstrated good validity and reliability and could be used in clinical studies.

Muscle relaxant agents usually use to facilitate tracheal intubation; however, sometimes limitations exist. Magnesium (Mg) sulfate is a candidate for muscle relaxant substitute. This study was designed to determine the effect of Mg sulfate accompanied with propofol and fentanyl in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.
In a double?blind randomized protocol and before tracheal intubation, Mg sulfate 40, 45, or 50 mg/kg in 100 ml of saline (Groups 1–3, respectively) or saline alone (Group 4) were administrated intravenously in 100 patients (n = 25 in each group) with the American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical Status I, II, or III. The patients’ intubation condition in all subjects were determined and described.
The patients’ demographic data including age, ASA, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, intraocular pressure, and body mass index were not significantly different between the groups. A better mask ventilation feasibility in Mg sulfate 45 group (Group 2) was observed when compared with Mg sulfate 50 (Group 3) (P = 0.022) and saline group (Group 4) (P = 0.021). In addition, the vocal cord movement and muscle relaxant requirement in saline group were significantly different from others groups (P Intravenous administration of Mg sulfate accompanied with propofol and fentanyl facilitates the tracheal intubation without neuromuscular blocking agents. To avoid Mg level increasing in plasma; however, the low dose of Mg sulfate is suggested.

Th e second leading cause of cancer deaths in women is breast cancer. Germline mutations in susceptibility breast cancer gene BRCA1 increase the lifetime risk of breast cancer. Eighty-one large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) have been reported up to date in BRCA1 gene, and evaluation of these rearrangements helps with precise risk assessment in high-risk individuals. In this study, we have investigated LGRs in BRCA1 among Iranian high-risk breast cancer families.
Seventy patients with breast cancer who were identifi ed negative for point mutations or small deletions/insertions of BRCA1 gene were selected. Deletions and duplications of BRCA1 gene were evaluated using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplifi cation (MLPA).
Two deletions, deletion of exons 1A/1B-2 and exon 24, were detected in two patients with breast cancer. Th e former alteration was found in a woman with a strong family history of breast cancer while the latter one was detected in a woman with early onset of breast cancer.
Although our data confi rm that LGRs in BRCA1 comprise a relatively small proportion of mutations in hereditary breast cancer in the Iranian population, MLPA analysis might be considered for screening of LGRs in high-risk individuals.It is worth to note that our results are consistent with previous studies in various Asian and European countries.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Oral administration of symbiotic and Vitamin E has been proposed as an effective treatment in NAFLD patients. This study was carried out to assess the effects of symbiotic and/or Vitamin E supplementation on liver enzymes, leptin, lipid profile, and some parameters of insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD patients.
We randomly assigned sixty NAFLD adult patients to receive (1) symbiotic twice daily Vitamin E?like placebo capsule; (2) 400 IU/d Vitamin E symbiotic?like placebo; (3) symbiotic twice daily 400 IU/d Vitamin E; and (4) symbiotic?like placebo Vitamin E?like placebo for 8 weeks.
Symbiotic plus Vitamin E supplementation led to a significant decrease in concentrations of liver transaminase (P ? 0.05). Mean difference of apolipoprotein A?1 was more significant in symbiotic group compared to control. However, mean difference of apolipoprotein B100/A?1 was only significant in symbiotic group compared to control. At the end of the study, significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) and low?density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL?C) were seen between the symbiotic plus Vitamin E and control groups (P In our study, symbiotic plus Vitamin E supplementation
was the most effective treatment in lowering liver enzymes, leptin, FBS, insulin, TG, TC, and LDL?C among NAFLD patients.

Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) may use specific coping strategies. We intend to provide a mediating role of the relationship between pain (intensity and acceptance), cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and negative emotions in patients with FGIDs.
Participants were 176 inpatients, all experiencing significant FGIDs symptomatology as confirmed by gastroenterologists. Patients completed data on cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, short form of depression, anxiety, stress scale, chronic pain acceptance questionnaire?revised, and pain intensity scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method.
The pain intensity had significantly direct effect on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and indirect effect on negative emotions. Besides, the mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between the strategies and pain acceptance were supported, whereas indirect relationships between pain intensity and acceptance through cognitive strategies
were not confirmed.
the results of the study emphasize the role of pain intensity in the development of negative emotions through cognitive strategies and the role of the strategies in pain acceptance through negative emotions. In fact, cognitive strategies to be related to pain and emotions.

Obesity is a global public health problem. Visfatin, as an adipocytokine, is coded by a gene known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. So far, results were conflicted regarding correlations of visfatin with obesity and metabolic variables. The present study aimed to explore the association between G‑948T polymorphism of visfatin gene with obesity and lipid profile in a nationally representative sample of Iranian population.

In this cas –control study, we assessed 129 randomly selected patients with obesity and 182 healthy normal weight controls from participants of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells, and high‑resolution melt polymerase chain reaction was performed to explore the presence of G‑948T polymorphism.

T carriers “GT TT” were statistically more frequent in the obese patients than the controls (P = 0.013; odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–3.1). The serum levels of total cholesterol and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) were significantly different between T carriers and GG homozygote genotype (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively).

We concluded that visfatin G‑948T polymorphism was correlated with obesity, total cholesterol, and LDL‑C levels in our population.