فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 25 (تابستان 1395)

Neighborhood as a unit wisdom decisions Nowadays, fewer characters in the decisions taken by the authorities knocks And in case that is the main initial core of their urban neighborhoods forms And citizens to participate in decisions taken at the level of the need for social institutions at the level of its smaller neighborhoods And trust in local institutions and citizens is more in need of Hmbn cause social institutions at the local level is essential.So what factors need further study in the field of social institutions at the local level is important in terms of citizensis of utmost importance.In this connection, this paper intends to identify factors contributing to Social institutions at the local level and its correlation with the characteristics of these institutions payAs well as effective agents to identify the factors identified using linear regression.Type of this research is descriptive and functional and Methods Survey and interview and questionnaire tool to study and analyze the results with SPSS software is.After identifying the factors that create social institutions at the local level, it factors in the Sample located in neighborhoods in the city have tested Ferdosiyeh The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the citizens 5 of trust, participation, efficiency, equity, and quality of life by over 50% and is largely based on the realization of neighborhood social institutions are effectiveAnd the results of linear regression analysis affect both participation and trust it has with 57/8 percentAnd finally to create social institutions at the local level should be Ferdosiyeh participation of citizens in the decisions taken in to confidence In that to create neighborhood-based social institutions of higher and higher experienced citizens at the local level can be used.

City or polis, as a dynamic system, is continuously varying and changing. In some ages of history some events, as inflexion point, have caused sudden, immediate and unexpected transitions in form and spatial construction of cities. In the meantime, the land reform had the basic role in the immediate progression of cities, and caused unplanned migration of rural people to cities. This article evaluates the economic roots of this problem on the basis of urban sustainability views to provide a proper context for better realizing and judging when they are applied in urban planning fields. This research is of application – development kind, and its method of study is descriptive – analytic. The method applied here is also based on field operation (direct observation, filling various questionnaires) and the use of available documents. The statistic community of the research involves (n) hundred thousand people and according to the formula of Kokran, the estimated number of sample volume (N) was 390 people. The method of sampling is of accidental – bunching and multistage kind from ten areas of Tabriz. For ensuring the validity and reliability of the study of this research, the validity and contental and questionnaire reexamination method have been used, and its reliability coefficient obtained equal to 82 percent. The data of this research have been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods and SPSS software. The data obtained from the research shows the lack of enough capital and appropriate education have caused the number of the occupied people in the informal economic section to be increased, and the migration of rural people to the city (Tabriz) has significant role in creation and development of this section of economy. The habitats of most of the people occupied in informal section of Tabriz city are in the marginal areas and poor districts of the city.

Rapidly growth of urbanization and concentration of people in Metropoles caused many crises for urban manger in provide urban essential infrastructures. Cemetery or necropolis is one the essential urban land use that rapid population growth, high mortality rate and specific standards in cemetery location cause Metropoles limitation in land allocate for cemetery. Shiraz as one of the Iran metropolitans have many cemeteries within urban area. insufficiency of current cemetery, environmental confines and increasingly mortality rate directed this study to recognize suitable lands for cemetery in Shiraz based on related criteria that extracted from previous research in Iran and other countries. As identified criteria, spatial database created for location of cemetery. In GIS by use of weighted overlay of spatial data, suitable area for new cemetery explored. To assess the result of study, potential areas compared with Shiraz comprehensive plane and it was found that criteria has high reliability and potential areas compliance with Shiraz plan.

Baneh city and the under influence regional network have made a reciprocal link wich this relation have entered in a growth way. The dynamism and growth of this regional network are dependent on unknown local, national and international actors. These factors may cause of the instability and depression of the region’ mobility in future. The current evidences confirm the negligence of local and national managers in the use of existence opportunities. the main purpose of the paper is emphasis on the necessity of attention to instability of current positive changes in Baneh city. descriptive and analytical method is used as the research methodology of the paper. Due to the vast aspects of the study, A variety of tools and methods such as phenomenological survey, interviews with stakeholders and influential factors, physical-spatial cartography and secondary data analysis was used. Scenario making of development in the city of Baneh was done through the applying the development strategy of Dubai city to Baneh city. The results show that the recent growth of Baneh city affected by the informal border economy, lead to extensive changes in physical-spatial-functional aspects. But the current boom may be faced with depression and stagnation in the future because of the uncertainty of the factors and actors approach. So, a scenario have been proposed for the future development of Baneh city and the region. This scenario relies on the concepts of regional development theories and also the meaning of development. Dubai experiment was reviewed as scenario practical manifestation.

Urban passages are interface loops and communication strings of buildings and other urban spaces, that if carefully be addressed, have the most function in urban lifeand it also brings the most vital roles for the dynamism of a city. A correct design and geometric correction in urban passages, decreases many of developmental and environmental problems and psychological and social issues. Smoothing the traffic flow and making excursions and mobility enjoyable in city is possible due to inspiring and correct geometric design. This research is kind of social and cultural impact assessment studies of urban projects, whichinvestigate the social and cultural effects of geometric correction of urban passages in District 18 of Tehran. The method of this research is surveying and documentary quantitative form and in cases, for describing intervention action, interview and observation techniques had also been used.Statistical society is consisted of two groups of residents around the project and passing drivers, and information is collected through questionnaire from 200 people of them. According to the results, 20 outcomes in four social and cultural, environmental, economic and urban view and prospect, is detected. Friedman’s test results also show that among the identified results, paying attention to the needs of specific strata (such as the disabled, elderly, children) with an average rating of 13.37 have first priority; reducing conflicts between drivers and people with an average rating of 12.15 ,second priority; strengthen the rule of law among drivers with an average rating of 12.01, third priority; increasing the level of satisfaction of citizens with an average rating of 11.94, fourth priority; and reducing the financial damage due to traffic accidents with an average rating of 11.85, fifth priority.

The sense of place in each street encompasses the entire physical, performance –activity based factors, visual perceptual and social elements available in the street. The creation of the sense place is the main aim of urban design and may pave the way for the presence of the citizens and the increase of interaction among them. The present article considering the question: how can we attain the promotion of the sense of place in an urban atmosphere(street) has been propounded. What requires the necessity of promotion of the sense of place in the Golshan Raz axis, is the presence and existence of visual turbulences in the scenes of this axis, unfit conditions of urban furniture, the absence of green space and sufficient open space, lack of potentials for responding to the need of the pilgrims and inhabitants of the limited area, insufficiency in the coming and going or traffic system and access network and unsuitable environmental conditions etc. that ultimately result in decrease of efficiency and sufficient functioning of this axis. In this article, with the aim of urban designing of the street towards promotion of the sense of place and place of Golshan-e-Raz street in Shabestar, the research has been shaped up on the basis of recognition of visual elements of perception and mentality of the people from the street and effective, efficient factors effecting the sense of place of the street.

Rapid population growth in urban areas, has created the adverse consequences for cities. So cities must provide better places to live. One of this places is sidewalk and increasing walkability in this cities. The main purpose of this study is measurement the status of Alam al-Hoda sidewalk. In this first step, theoretical basis was studied. Then, four main factor (physical, Comfort and Convenience, environmental and land use and activity) and 22 index selected. Then, by using the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expert choice software, these indexes were prioritized. Then, by field studies and 400 questionnaires completed by citizens, the status of this sidewalk was assessed. Result in the physical indexes showed that the Width of the walkways is first ranked with a score of 3.65 and appropriate design of walls with a score of 2.21 is the seventh rank. Result in the environmental indexes showed that the Protection of pedestrians against climate change with a score of 2.61 has the best situation. Result in the comfort and convenience indexes showed that the noise pollution is first ranked with a score of 3.59 and easily access to sidewalk and security are second and third rank. Result in the land use and activity indexes showed that the diversity of users with a score of 3.68 has best situation and the possibility of loading and unloading of commercial units (with a score of 2.83) and special landmarks (with a score of 2.72) in second and third rank.

transportation networks is one of the main factors in crisis management there. In case of inefficient transportation networks during unexpected events, they will cause major problems in providing assistance rather than addressing the problems and facilitating the transportation. There exists a direct relationship between the time to reach to the place of the event and the loss of life. This actually requires efficient transportation networks. The other discussion is that in cities, especially cities in less developed countries, all over the city are not equally vulnerable to disasters. Compared to other parts of the city, due to their specific characteristics, suburban areas are more vulnerable to disasters. Human populations living in these areas due to the large volume of strong and irrefutable scientific and practical importance and necessity of study and action in relation to these areas. The main objective of this research is to find out the coefficient of performance of transportation networks in suburban areas at north part of Tabriz (study area of this research) at the time of crisis. The research method in the study is descriptive, analytic and field study. To achieve the research objectives of the Inversion Hierarchical Weight Process model is used. Thirteen indicator in this model that could be effective in network vulnerabilities was selected road networks and Were analyzed. Final results showed that out of the 16 networks in suburban areas of north part of the city of Tabriz, two transportation roads are not vulnerable

This study aims to identify the components of the subjective quality of life and measure the perceptual quality of the environment based on the satisfaction level of residents in Hashtgerd New Town. To this end, the descriptive-analytical approach was used, and the data collection method was based on a questionnaire. The components of the quality of life in the area under investigation were identified using exploratory factor analysis. Six factors were extracted, which explained 56.83% of the variance in the dependent variable, i.e., quality of life in the subjective dimension. The indicators were also analyzed and measured using different statistical methods, such as frequency distribution, spearman correlation coefficient, Phi, Cramer's, and one-sample t-tests. The average cutoff scoresfor the components of ‘access to neighborhood services’, ‘environmental’, ‘place attachment’, ‘housing facilities’, ‘readability’, and ‘security’ were 16.87, 15.9, 6.96, 15.47, 7.62, and 7.74, respectively, and their differences with the average observed scores for these components were 4.13, 1/2, 2.04, 5.53, 1.38, and 1.26, respectively. The results of the one-sample t-tests showed that these differences were statistically significant as the significance levels were all less than 0.05. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the satisfaction of the citizens in this area with the quality of the environment is not at the desired level. Furthermore, the results indicated that, unlike the variables of age and level of education, the length of residence, gender, and marital status were factors substantially affecting the satisfaction of citizens.

This research trying to analyze the quality of reconstructed urban services and visage in Bam city after 1382 earthquake. At present, more than 10years have passed from the earthquake occurrence and Bam city is reconstructed for inhabitants living. So the research main questions are presented here: 1) Do the prospect quality and constructed districts services of Bam city have differences with each other? 2) Is there any relation between the prospect quality and Bam city districts services after the earthquake with social-economic condition? The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this research the prospect quality concept and district services were defined based on 6 indices and 39 sub indices. The weights of each index were obtained through the group AHP method. Needed data gathered by households, experts and field questionnaires. For testing hypotheses used causal-comparative and correlation methods. Sample size calculated by Cochran's method (311 households). Sampling has done by cluster and random methods. Gathered data were analyzed by: One-way ANOVA and Tukey-test at first hypotheses; and correlations methods at second hypotheses. The results showed that the quality of reconstructed residential environment in Bam is different between various neighborhoods. Also, the results of correlation test showed that general quality have significant relation with literacy, income, occupation and socio-economic status at 99 percent of confidence. According to the findings, physical quality at society scale has socio-economical aspects. So, we must pay attention to this point seriously.