فهرست مطالب
Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter 2016
- تاریخ انتشار: 1395/07/24
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Pages 1-2For decades, vitamin D has been recognized only for its ability to correct skeletal abnormalities. This point is made clear by recent recommendations by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). This organization has only recognized vitamin D to have a role in skeletal homeostasis and thus recommended a minimal amount, 400-600 IU/d (1). Part of the problem here is that vitamin D has long been thought to be a teratogenic substance and thus feared by the obstetrics community (2). However, these fears are no longer valid and vitamin D not only is not a teratogen, significant amounts are required during pregnancy to avert a wide range of problems including complications of birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, neurodevelopment and asthma incidence in the newborn child (3-4). Surely more roles of vitamin D will be uncovered in the future in the area of autoimmune function involving type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. How does vitamin D alter all these systems in utero? Our research tell us that this is occurring through epigenetic gene alteration and we are just now starting to understand the processes involved which predominately include inflammation and immune function (8). It is heartening to see countries like Iran involved in this area of clinical research (6).
How much vitamin D does our group recommend during pregnancy? Our evidence tells us that 4,000 IU/d vitamin D3 is required and this should begin preconception. We base this recommendation on the amount of vitamin D required to maintain a circulating 25(OH)D levels of 40 ng/ml, the level at which the conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D is optimized (3). If a woman, following delivery, chooses to breast feed her infant she should take a supplement of 6,000 IU/d vitamin D3 (9). This amount will ensure adequate vitamin D in her milk to supply her nursing infant with all the vitamin D that the infant requires. These vitamin D intakes in Muslim countries are vitally important because of clothing practices which prohibit any significant vitamin D3 production due to lack of exposed skin to the sun. -
Pages 2-8BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Diminution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a chief role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). One of the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids is to modulate the secretion of BDNF. We aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on serum BDNF in men with CAD.MethodsForty-eight CAD patients were randomly assigned to either the omega-3 (n=24) or placebo (n=24) group. In the omega-3 group each subject received 4 omega-3 soft gels per day (720 mg eicosapentaenoic acid plus 480 mg docosahexaenoic acid), while each subject in the placebo group received 4 placebo soft gels (edible paraffin) for a period of 8 weeks. Serum BDNF, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum lipoproteins, anthropometric indices, body composition, food intake and physical activity were evaluated before and after intervention.ResultsOmega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased serum BDNF (p= 0.015), and did not cause significant modifications on the blood pressure, serum lipids with the exception of LDL, fasting blood glucose, anthropometric measurements and body composition (p > 0.05).ConclusionOmega-3 fatty acids supplementation significantly enhances serum BDNF in male patients who have CAD.Keywords: Omega, 3 fatty acids, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Coronary artery disease, Brain, derived neurotrophic factor
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Pages 9-14BackgroundThe term metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to one of the most challenging public health issue in worldwide; however diet modification is considered as the first step in management and treatment of MetS and its components. In the present study we investigated major dietary patterns in patients with MetS compared to weight matched and normal weight control subjects.MethodsIn a case-control study 147 Iranian adults from the Endocrinology Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited. Subjects were divided in to 3 groups, according to MetS definition and BMI cutoffs. NCEP ATP III criteria were used for identifying subjects with MetS. FFQ was used for assessment of dietary intake.ResultsTwo dietary patterns were identified; Western dietary pattern and traditional dietary pattern. Compared with participants in lowest quartile, subjects with highest quartile of traditional dietary pattern and lowest quartile of western dietary pattern had significantly lower BMI, WC, weight, fat mass, abdominal fat, SBP, DBP, FBS and TG and higher HDL cholesterol and fat free mass (pConclusionOur findings indicated that western dietary pattern can be considered as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and its components.Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, dietary pattern, overweight, diet
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Pages 15-23IntroductionThis study was conducted to develop and validate a scale to assess perceived benefits and barriers (decisional balance) for improving dietary fiber consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsIn order to develop a questionnaire, focus-group discussions, in-depth interviews and literature review were carried out. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed using content validity, face validity and construct validity. The factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing both principle component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and test-retest analysis. Two groups of T2D patients participated in the study. 146 T2D patients participated in the content validity and the other 265 T2D patients were those whose data were used for the confirmatory factor analysisResultsThe mean age of participants was 52.3±7.6 years. PCA indicated two components representing benefits (Cronbachs α=0.75) and barriers (Cronbachs α=0.71). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-component structure [Goodness of Fit Index = 0.94, χ 2/df=1.56 (χ 2 =118.28, df=76, pConclusionThe designed questionnaire is valid and reliable to assess perceived benefits and barriers of dietary fiber intake in patients with T2D.Keywords: Benefits, Barriers, Dietary fiber, Diabetes type 2, Questionnaire validation
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Pages 24-30IntroductionFood insecurity is a global problem with considerable health impacts and is especially important in children as it can affect their learning ability.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to determine household food insecurity status, intelligence quotients (IQ) and their associations with some relevant factors in village of Qehi, Esfahan.
Subjects and Design: This study was conducted in 2016 on all of the children under the age of seven years in village of Qehi.MethodsThe nutritional status of participants was determined by measuring their heights and weights. General information, FFQ and USDA questionnaires were used to collect data about households socio-economic and food security status during interviews with mothers. Goodenough Draw-A-Person test was used to assess the participants IQ.ResultsThe prevalence of household food insecurity was 50%. There were significant associations between food insecurity and children sex and mothers job status. Food insecurity was positively associated with number of household members (PConclusionsFood insecurity was prevalent among households in the studied population and it was associated with socio-economic factors. Based on these associations, food assistance programs and education is necessary in the studied population.Keywords: Food insecurity, intelligence quotients, socio, economic status -
Pages 31-35BackgroundTwo main types of non-melanoma skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma; despite low mortality from BCC, it has a considerable morbidity. There are some studies claiming the association of dairy consumption with BCC risks in the general population. In this study, we examined getting the fatty acid C14: 0, C15: 0, C17:0 associated with the amount of the fatty acids in the red blood cell membrane to assess the relationship between them and the risk of BCC.
Methods and material: This case-control study (40 cases and 40 controls) was conducted with newly diagnosed BCC adults who were recruited from Razi hospital. To measure fatty acids of red blood cell membrane, fatty acids were extracted and injected to Gas Chromatography. Case and control groups were matched based on sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). All subjects also completed two 24-hour dietary recalls by nutritionist help, which included two randomly selected days.ResultsBoth groups had no significant differences between weight, height, age, sex, and BMI and also macro-and micronutrients intakes. Pentadecanoic acid concentration of red blood cell membrane was higher in BCC patients than in the control group (P=0.04). There was no significant difference in myristic and heptadecanoic acids concentration in the red blood cell membrane between two groups.ConclusionConsidering that pentadecanoic acid indicates consumption of dairy products, it is likely that consumed greater high fat dairy products in BCC patients seem to be associated with basal cell carcinoma.Keywords: pentadecanoic acid, myristic acid, heptadecanoic acids, dairy products, Basal Cell Carcinoma -
Pages 36-42Background/ObjectiveNatural honey is among products that are very rich in antioxidants. Several studies have demonstrated its advantages for human beings. However, diabetic patients are recommended not to consume a lot of amount because of its high content in sugar. The aim of the current study was to investigate the safety of natural honey in type 2 diabetes.Methods33patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly recruited and ate 10g of natural honey with water per day during ten weeks. During the study period, they did not undergo any changes in their diet, drugs and lifestyle. Before the onset of the study and at the end, lipid, glycemic profile, and HbA1c were measured. The patients performed regularly capillary blood glucose monitoring too.ResultsWe observed that HbA1c has significantly increased from 7.2% to 7.65% (pConclusionDaily consumption of natural honey can deteriorate glycaemiccontrol of diabetics. However, its still much better than other sweeteners. So, diabetics should take precautions if they consume honey for its advantages, and they could use low doses of honey, less than 10 g per day. Nevertheless, more studies should be done to investigate if honey can be beneficial and to determine the mechanism by which it can be.Keywords: honey, oxidative stress, diabetes, lipid
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Pages 43-48ObjectivesTo evaluate systematically the role of maternal vitamin D levels in postpartum depression (PPD)MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched using the search words [vitamin D, cholecalciferol, calcitriol, 1,25 (OH)D] in combination with [postpartum depression, PPD, postnatal depression, PND] in the title, abstract, and keywords. The search was limited to publications in English. Criteria for inclusion in this systematic review were data on maternal 25(OH) D and PPD.ResultsWe identified 147 publications at first, from which five observational studies were selected for inclusion in the final review.in one study 25(OH) D was associated with PPD. In another one was found an association but in category with vitamin D lower than 47 nMol/L was significant in pConclusionIt seems that vitamin D plays a role along with other factors that might cause postpartum depression, in a specific but unknown cut off. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact role of vitamin D on PPD.Keywords: Vitamin D, postpartum depression, pregnancy, meta, analysis