فصلنامه مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1395)

Development programs formulated in order to influence and create change and improvement in people's lives, that entails the promotion of resources, opportunities and capabilities different sections of the population, as well as an improvement in the standards and quality of life. They are based on policies that presented in form concrete objectives and articles program. This policies and objectives are basis for projects and so a mechanism that allows the realization of the desires of program and improvement in social life. The with design dynamics programs development, the first thing that reminder in mind is this fact that we are faced with a process. Dynamics of development programs not only makes us aware of the dynamics within each program but also understand the conditions and factors that create the dynamics in the external environment applications are possible. In this essay tries to explore and express the dynamics experienced in development plans in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. The questions are: Formation dynamics programs and How this dynamic process in the form of five programs have been pursued after the Islamic Revolution. The dynamics in the forms: Differences in naming programs that usually raised by the government and Caused by different governments faced with the constitution as a basic law. Dynamics programs in Iran after the Islamic Revolution discussed in terms of time that is divided into two periods: decade without a plan and period with plan. So aapproach imbalance and periodic governments, unevenness of orientation and strategy development plans and situation of the period after the revolution, war, reconstruction, reform and criticism of the reform. Experience shows that usually critics about the lack of necessary knowledge of the dynamics of development programs are called but less than why not find such an entry have found the truth. It seems that the root of this deficiency should inquiry in realities such as: lack of theoretical and methodological discussions was recognition of the understanding of social conditions social- historical and Iran's haves and have nots of society. Not interactive intellectual and tribal thinking in this situation are critical contribution. Certainly, to the extent that in the formulation of development programs, especially in the feasibility and implementation, we need to understand and analyze the true situation of Iranian society, also we need to understanding and analysis and external concerns and adapt with conditions international. The matter has been neglected or not enough about the not thought, and this neglect is an effective element in creating diversion and change paths that lead to the inefficient programs.

In critical analysis, different aspects of an issue will be analyzed from point of view of current discourse of society. The objective of this paper, is to critically analyze the economic goals of development plans (pre and post revaluation). In this respect, many papers and research report has been considered and the results show that critical discourse have paid attention to plans and its economic goals, from social, political and cultural point of views, and so have positive, vague and contradictory impact on economic goals. Even though 30 different concepts have been erected in this area but the plans have been evaluated only based on the two, namely (1) quantitative goals of few macro-variables and (2) quantitative goals of sectors. This implicitly shows the ineffectiveness of social discourse on economic goals of development plans. It should be mentioned that the main goal of any development plan, i.e.
“development”, is not clearly defined in planning system. So, the most important lesson is that, the development and development plans of the country should be define carefully and have an academic acceptance on them. The next finding is that the economic goals of development plans are not based on any well-known economic school of thought. So in this environment, the financial resources of government have be used to overcome the shortcoming and emergency needs of the economy and that is why they were not so successful.

One of the necessary preconditions to provide people's active participation in performance of development plans and the most basic of preparation to pave the way for the successful implementation of the plan is selection of appropriate theory in the field of justice and welfare for this plans.
In this research, while reviewing development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, because the Fifth Development Plan is an extract of all previous plans in terms of justice and improvement of life quality, this plan by using content analysis technique, from aspect the application of the concepts of justice and social welfare is analyzed and evaluated. Also according to the achievement of development plans and using the global and domestic data, Iran's position in the world in terms of welfare indicator of Sen, the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Legatum Prosperity Index is assessed.
This study shows although there are harmonies between sections of development plans and justice theory or theorical implications of social justice field, evaluation of welfare policies in development plans and specifically the Fifth development plan shows that there is not thought-out and targeted attitude about providing welfare justice in country public scale.
Attention to environmental, positional and capability-based attitude of Amartya Sen and multidimensional attitude of Waltzer can restore lack of social justice theory of written, coherent and executable in Iranian-Islamic theories field.

Cities need good, participatory and effective policies and plans for development. Urban development plans such as comprehensive plan are the most important tool for implementation of policies and plans. The effective implementation of city development plan requires high level documents such as spatial planning; good macro development plans policies, efficient urban management and public participation. I used the dependency theory for analyzing urban changes in Iran. The most important state interventions in urban development are reviewed and urban development plans are criticized. It seems urban development policies and plans are defeated by the lack of public participation and monitoring, huge inefficient bureaucracies and rent seeking public organizations. The formal policies and plans can’t solve the problems of dependent urbanization. The urban growth is leaded by the interests of powerful groups who are seeking land and city rents and the poor people who are trying for land acquisition and building slums. The continuity of periphery urbanization is the result of such condition.

In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This essay was aimed to critically investigate rural development plans before and after the Iranian Revolution. To do so, based on a library study, construction programs before the Revolution since 1941 and after the Revolution were examined in development plans. The results indicated that, before the Revolution, rural construction plans were centralized and top-down, lacked indigenous studies and sociological attitude, and had technical attitude toward rural issues. After the Revolution, first, a kind of increasing participation was experienced in the form of social mobilization, influenced by the transformations occurring at the macro level of society. There was no sign of bureaucracy in this period; but, gradually, following the transformations, the participation model again took the guided-from- the-outside form. In general, in the five-year post-revolution development planning, deviation from the execution of approved plan, limitation to some executive measures, and executing previous projects despite content changes have been evident. Rural development plans do not have sufficient budgetary allocations, are not written according to the pathology of previous plans, and no organization or institution accounts for their lack of execution. In other words, lack of access to the goals does not bind the approvers. More details are discussed below.

The paper, first, reviews the development of social welfare issue and then investigates how primary welfare policy and social insurance has been formulated and accepted in Europe. It is argued that social events which caused by industrialization and urbanization led to formation of social welfare and welfare state. Eleven resources, in Iran, have been known as welfare approaches and produced special concept of welfare polices: social cooperation traditions, religious traditions, constitutional revolution values, social policies of post constitutional revolution`s states, concepts and approaches caused by Islamic revolution, content of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, views and trends of Islamic consultative assembly representatives, post Islamic Revolution states policy, Five-Year economic and social Development Plans at post Islamic revolution periods and legal capacity and capability of Law on the comprehensive welfare and social security organizational structure. This paper attempts to introduce outputs and results of mentioned resources and explains fall and rise of social welfare in Iran due to not implementing the content of the related law.

This paper aims to signalize the substantial fact that the major focus and the joint aspect to fulfill the purposes of human development, sustainable development, social justice, competitive power and resilience of national economy is to promote the power of national production.
To fulfill this purpose, we used institutional theoretical system for presenting the analysis and signalized the methodological and empirical aspects of this issue with the descriptive-analytical method. Hence, with concentration on industrialization as the main focus of promotion of the national production, we survey the historical experience of our country through the development plans in before and after the Islamic revolution.
The findings of this study demonstrate that because of the shortage of strategic insight in this area and unbelievable neglects and errors in the period of the last 70 years, the history of development planning shows us that despite of enormous money sources specification, the expected achievements could not be reached at all. Also a lot of inconsistencies and problems endangered the view of national development. The suggested solution is to consider the national production power with interdisciplinary approach and as a system of the whole social life.

“Development”, has been an influent specter but boring and dull on local communities and villages and not allow them to breathe easy and enjoy pure life. This specter has induced the villagers are not rational, and should learn rationality and development from others.
So far, the specter has been dominated on villages. Contractors 'development', headed by state executive bodies, were advocators of the specter. They are influenced by the assumptions underlying psychology literature and Engineering thinking and have offered a technical version of development. ãÊä یÇ ÂÏÑÓ æÈ ÓÇیÊی ÑÇ ÊÇی ˜äیÏ یÇ ÓäÏی ÑÇ ÊÑÌãå ˜äیÏ.
ÂیÇ ãäÙæÑ ÔãÇ Çیä ÇÓÊ: äیÞÊãÑå "Ïæáæ"%2˜ Ç ÈáیÝ یÓ ÇÝݘÊیæ ÈæÊ ÈæÑیä ÇäÏ Ïá
They have analyzed the development so ready, Immediate and disproportionate to the needs and demands of the people, so those have instilled the pattern of "free development" in them. Given the lack of creativity villagers, they have created magical concept of "change" and technical "interference" and want to change the settled life.
The paper's emphasis on rural communitie's cultural beliefs, makes two criticisms to the literature and practice of development in the country: The first critique is a nostalgic one and oppose "nightmare of development" with a “field language”. TheãÊä یÇ ÂÏÑÓ æÈ ÓÇیÊی ÑÇ ÊÇی ˜äیÏ یÇ ÓäÏی ÑÇ ÊÑÌãå ˜äیÏ. TThe second criticism is a pragmatic and functional critique and is expressed as the problem of "free development".