فصلنامه مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران
سال دوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1392)

According to many scholars, social Apathy is considered retaining ring dichotomy development-underdevelopment in modern societies. Indeed, Apathy is a kind of cynical and feeling paranoid, a passive process and social depression. From the perspective of cognitive impairment, apathy in society is recognized as a social disease. As opposed to that regardless of any social and altruism in social and individual life, health symptoms and social dynamics. The importance of social apathy is from outcomes in the course of development. Thus, this study sought to look at the sociological study of social indifference among students and assess its determining factors.
This paper is a descriptive study by survey. The questionnaires with suitable structures validity (based on Kronbagh’s coefficient of Alfa) have been distributed among the respondents. The population is the students in two universities of PayameNoor and Kurdistan. The sample size based on Kockran formula is 374.
Hypothesis test results indicate that a significant relationship between social alienation and students of social apathy and direct correlation between social efficacy, social trust and social satisfaction is an inverse relationship between student's social apathy. Social apathy of male students is higher than female students. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the variables of social alienation, social efficacy, social trust explain 42% of variance of students social apathy that in this model the most important factor is social alienation.

Children's understanding and awareness about money and economic is formed, developed, modified, and stabilized during socialization process. This study uses the theories of psychology, social psychology, sociology, and economics to study the cognition, reason in attitudes of children and their ability to perform economic activities and behaviors and consequently is to figure out how economic issues are taught to children during the process. The aim of this study is to explore forming certain patterns of economic socialization in text, style, and certain period of family life cycle, social status and the consequences of this type of socialization in children of primary school in Hamedan. The results obtained using a depth interviews with36Hamadan parents. The data analysis show that contextual condition include, family background, parental education and children's gender. Accordingly, we found three processes of socialization including concious, hidden and gender based. In fact, this type of socialization leads us to a core theory of dual socialization at the end. In so That, concious and hidden socialization occurs in two forms at families, and also gender socialization of girls and boys are different.

The study of victim known as victimology has not been attended in traditional criminology which focuses on crime and criminals. But now, there is an interest in theories which have been advanced to explain victimization. While it is the main concern of criminology to ask about the reason behind of offending, victimology asks why some people become the suitable target for criminal activities. The main aim of this study is to find the concept of victimization through the view of women as well as finding a theory to explain the victimization. This research is inspired by grounded theory and tries to understand victimization based on narratives of women. To achieve the objective of research, semi-structured interviews conducted with 46 women in Tehran. However, the results of this study do not generalize in any way because of the small sample size. The result of research shows that concept of victimization includes a range of emotions. In definition of women on victimization three main concepts including “lack of resources and authority”, “vulnerability” and “deprivation of life” have been emerged.
Women explain their victimization by referring to concepts like male domination, deficiency of different structures and gender inequality.

Happiness is a great gift that should be searched , found , seized and transmit to others . With regard the happiness influence on social and individual life and the widespread role of religion in human lives , the present study has been done with the aim investigate the relationship between religiosity and amount of happiness among young people in Tehran . In this study were explored the role of religion in creating, intensifying or weakening the happiness through the theory of cognitive and ideas of many thinkers such as Durkheim, Weber, Tocqueville, Argyle , Diener and Biswas Diener. In order to determine the relationship between these two categories, 384 questionnaires have been distributed among youth 18 to 29 years in Tehran city. The findings show that there is a significant correlation between religiosity and happiness of individuals. The results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between the three dimensions of religiosity , religious belief , religious feelings , religious practices and amount of happiness young. Thus it can be concluded that religion and different dimensions of religiosity plays an important role in creating and heightening happiness.

This research is a study on the efficient sociological factors on Job alienation across elementary school teacher of Tehran. The research data was collected through a surveying method, and participants were 380 persons out of 18452 among elementary school teacher of Tehran. With consideration of previous research and the theoretical foundations of trust, participation, protection, social responsibility and life satisfaction were associated with variable sources of alienation. Questionnaire to measure the independent variables and the variable of job alienation and Ganstr questionnaire used, the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Besides the above factors, variables such as gender, age, marital status, occupational history, in-service training courses, education, and income were also studied.
The results showed a significant relationship between the variables of trust, participation, support, responsibility and life satisfaction, job alienation shows. Among the variables underlying the results of the analysis of the survey data indicated that all variables except for the variables of age, has had a significant relationship with the alienation of labor.
Key Woord: job alienation, trust, participation, protection, social responsibility and lfethe resultshowed asresponsibility and life satisfaction, job alienation shows. Among the variables underlying the results of the analysis of the survey data indicated that all variables except for the variables of age, has had a significant relationship with the alienation of labor.

Current societies are not only faced with social, economic, political and cultural problems but also with environmental crises and this forced many social scientists to study environmental values. Some previous studies have shown that environmental values and moral commitment toward the environment are rooted in a specific worldview and religious education. The purpose of this study is to investigate status of environmental values among Muslim and non-Muslim countries with applying comparative approach. To meet this goal, with using secondary analysis and applying data of fifth wave of World Values Survey, Islamic countries consists of Turkey, Indonesia, Egypt and Jordan, of non-Muslim countries consists of the United States of America, Canada, Germany and Switzerland were compared with regard to some types of environmental values. The results of the study show that there is no significant difference between Muslim and non-Muslim countries with regard to environmental index. However, Muslim countries take environmental issues such as bad weather, climate change and hygiene more seriously compared with their non-Muslims counterpart. Furthermore, Muslim countries view the government much more responsible to cope with these environmental problems. Finally, the paper explains about the possible reasons of lack of difference between Muslim and non-Muslim countries in terms of environmental concern.