فهرست مطالب

Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences - Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/08/03
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Onat Yilmaz, YaŞam Kemal Akpak, Ali Babacan Pages 149-151
  • Ali Dastranj Tabrizi Pages 152-156
    Among the endometrial lesions, endometrial polyps (EPs) are commonly seen in the premenopausal and postmenpuasal age group and are found in 25% of endometrial specimens performed for abnormal uterine bleeding. EPs are generally considered as local hyperplasitic lesions of endometrial stroma which covered by epithelium. These lesions are seen single or multiple, sessile or pedunculated and the size range differs from millimetres to centimetres. In 10% of cases they mimic endocervical polyp due to prolapsus from external os. In a case of sufficient clinical, hysteroscopic and imaging information, the histologic diagnosis is usually straightforward. From clinical and prognostic standpoint, it should be emphasized that rarely these lesion may harbour premalignant and malignant lesions particularly in older age group. Therefore careful histologic examination for rule out of raised malignant lesions should be considered. In the other hand in rare cases these lesions may show metastatic involvement particularly from lobular breast carcinoma. Prevalence of these lesions in association with clinical presentation and histologic features will be presented and differential diagnosis with special emphasis on rule out of malignant lesions will be discussed.
    Keywords: Endometrial, Polyps, Review
  • Susan Cha, Derek A. Chapman, Wen Wan, Candace W. Burton, Steven H. Woolf, Saba W. Masho Pages 157-163
    Objectives
    Approximately half of US pregnancies are unintended and 43% of these end in induced abortions. Male partners and their involvement in reproductive decisions is not well understood. We examined the association between couple pregnancy intentions and induced abortion in US women.
    Materials And Methods
    Data came from the National Survey of Family Growth (2006-2010). Primiparous women who lived with one husband or partner before conception of their first pregnancy were included in the analysis (N=4263). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between couple pregnancy intentions and induced abortion of first pregnancy.
    Results
    Approximately 17.1% of women reported discordant intentions and 32.3% reported that pregnancy was unintended by both parents. Among these couples, the women were more likely to be unmarried, minorities, of lower income and education, and 19 years of age or younger at conception than were couples in which both parents intended pregnancy. Compared to couples with a mutually intended pregnancy, those with discordant pregnancy intentions were significantly more likely to have induced abortion, even in women who desired pregnancy.
    Conclusion
    Partners had a vital role in decisions to have an induced abortion. Health providers should consider the interpersonal decision-making process in couples to best prevent induced abortions due to unintended pregnancy. Providers should also be aware of the role of violence on reproductive decisions in couples with discordant pregnancy intentions. Women in healthy relationships can benefit from having frequent conversations about pregnancy with their partners.
    Keywords: Abortion, Contraception, Unwanted pregnancy, Family planning services, Intimate partner violence
  • Marion T. Van Mackelenbergh, Melanie Marotte, Ibrahim Alkatout, Constantin S. Von Kaisenberg, Christel Eckmann, Scholz Pages 164-170
    Objectives
    To test the hypothesis, that increasing maternal weight is directly related to the incidence of fetal anomalies, to rank anomalies according to their frequency and to establish detection rates for the various anomalies with increasing body mass index (BMI).
    Materials And Methods
    Retrospective single center matched case control study, analysis of the association between maternal BMI and the frequency and type of fetal anomalies and establishment of the sensitivity of ultrasound scans in relation to the maternal BMI.
    Results
    There were 182 fetal anomalies which were matched with healthy controls. The main findings of the study are, that maternal BMI was significantly increased in pregnancies with fetal anomalies, in particular in overweighed women the risk was 1.6 fold increased for a fetal anomaly, in obesity it was even 2.1 fold. The most common anomaly were cardiac defects, urogenital defects were second. The chance for a neural tube defects was 10.7 times increased. Although vision was impaired, 94.7% of the cases were diagnosed correctly by prenatal ultrasound, the detection rate deteriorating with decreasing sensitivity in obese women.
    Conclusion
    There is an increase of fetal anomalies with increasing maternal weight whereas the detection rate for fetal defects declines.
    Keywords: Fetal development, Body mass index, Ultrasonography
  • Elham Rahmani, Shahnaz Ahmadi, Niloofar Motamed, Najmeh Nasiri Khormoji Pages 171-175
    Objectives
    Bleeding during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, is among the most stressful cases for both patients and physicians. Sometimes bleeding during the first trimester is a predictor of adverse outcomes of pregnancy .The purpose of this study is to document the relationship between vaginal bleeding and preterm birth in patients admitted to the University Hospital in Bushehr.
    Materials And Methods
    The study was conducted on 1045 pregnant women. All relevant information (including age, parity, gestational age, education level, occupation, history of abortion, preterm delivery, smoking, drugs related to the mother’s disease, bleeding, rupture of membrane, mother’s blood pressure and vital signs, and gestational age at delivery) was fully recorded in the questionnaire. Then data was analysed by t test, chi-square, and logistic regression in SPSS version 16 software.
    Results
    There was significant difference between two groups of women with and without pregnancy bleeding (P
    Conclusion
    The emergence of preterm birth increases in patients with bleeding during the first and second trimesters.
    Keywords: Vaginal bleeding, Preterm birth, Preterm premature rupture of the membranes
  • Fariba Mirbolouk, Sedigheh Pakseresht, Maryam Asgharnia, Behnaz M. Farjadmand, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Pages 176-180
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to check the vitamin D level in pregnant women in north of Iran (Rasht city) from spring 2013 till summer 2014.
    Materials And Methods
    In a retrospective cross-sectional study, all pregnant women with any gestational age without receiving vitamin D supplement before 3 months of pregnancy from two private offices of gynecologists in Rasht were studied from spring 2013 till summer 2014. All data were collected, recorded and blood sampling was done to measure serum 25 (OH) vitamins D. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was defined as levels of 25 (OH) D
    Results
    The mean age of pregnant women was 27.5 ± 4.6. Mean serum 25(OH) D of pregnant women was 15.6 ± 9.8 mg/dL; vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed in 69.3% (124 subjects) and 20.7% (37 subjects) of cases, respectively. Also, there was a positive correlation between the vitamin D levels and vitamin D consumption as a supplementary one before pregnancy (r = 2.473, P = 0.001)
    Conclusion
    Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is higher in this area (Guilan province). Vitamin D supplementation can help to increase 25(OH) D levels. However, women should ideally start vitamin D supplementation a few months before getting pregnant.
    Keywords: Vitamin D, deficiency, pregnant, women
  • Noushin Mobaraki, Fariba Kahnamouei, Aghdam, Firouz Amani, Sousan Mahami Pages 181-184
    Objectives
    To compare the efficacy of intravenous oxytocin versus rectal misoprostol in the management of the third stage of labor during pregnancy termination.
    Materials And Methods
    In this randomized clinical trial, 100 pregnant women in active phase of labor and similar gestational age who had the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into two groups of 50 patients each, for oxytocin (group 1) and misoprostol (group 2). Forty units of intravenous oxytocin was used as the standard regimen in the intervention group and compared with 400 μg rectal misoprostol in the control group. Necessary outcomes were analyzed by statistical methods in SPP 20.
    Results
    The frequency of retained placenta in the misoprostol group with 4 patients (8%) was less than the oxytocin group with 8 cases (16%), but not statistically significant. Decreasing hemoglobin concentration in the misoprostol group (0.54 mg/dL) was significantly lower than oxytocin group (0.8 mg/dL; P = 0.001).
    Conclusion
    Results showed that using misoprostol in the third stage of labor in second-trimester abortions could reach a better outcome, regarding lower risks of hemorrhage and frequency of retained products of conception as compared to oxytocin.
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced, Misoprostol, Oxytocin, Rectal administration
  • Elaheh Ouladsahebmadarek, Giti Seyed Giasi, Arash Khaki, Yadollah Ahmadi, Laya Farzadi, Aliyeh Ghasemzadeh, Khadijeh Hajizade Pages 185-188
    Objectives
    TNowadays, male infertility is one of the most common issues in the medical field and the main reason for it is impaired sperm production. Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ARTs) used for treatment of infertile couples are too costly. Currently, using herbal medicine due to lower side effects and cost has gained special significance. In this study, the effect of combination of several plants was evaluated on male infertility and pregnancy rate.
    Materials And Methods
    In this clinical trial, 40 infertile men referring to Alzahra hospital were randomly selected to take a combination of 7 plants including Allium cepa, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum basilicum, Cinnamomum verum, Citrus sinensis’ peel, Citrullus lanatus’seeds and Daucus carota’ seeds in a form of 700 mg capsule, once daily for 6 months. Before and after treatment, the patients’ blood and semen samples were collected and analyzed.
    Results
    The number of sperms (P = 0.001), overall motility (P = 0.002), forward movement (P = 0.002), and normal morphology of sperms (P = 0.006) after treatment showed significant improvement. Also patients’ blood glucose levels meaningfully reduced after treatment (P = 0.036). The total volume of semen, total cholesterol, testosterone, and LH levels did not significantly differ with use of the compound herbal medicine. Seven couples during the study and after six months of receiving medication got pregnant.
    Conclusion
    Consumption of compound herbal medicine with the lowest risk and cost, significantly improves sperm parameters. It seems that the mechanism of action is through counteracting the effects of oxidative stress.
    Keywords: Herbal remedy, Male infertility, Spermatogenesis, Pregnancy
  • Robab Seyed Hosseini, Laya Farzadi, Sedigheh Abdollahi, Mohammad Nouri, Alieh Ghasemzadeh, Kobra Hamdi, Hassan Soleimanpour Pages 189-193
    Objectives
    This study aimed to assess the effect of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before frozen-thawed embryo transfer on implantation and clinical pregnancy rates.
    Materials And Methods
    In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 100 infertile women younger than 40 years old were randomly divided into intervention (n = 50) and control groups (n = 50). Intervention group received intrauterine injection of 500 IU hCG before frozen-thawed embryo transfer, while control group had the embryo transferred without intrauterine hCG injection. Then, both groups were assessed in terms of implantation, clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates. P
    Results
    There was a significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between intervention (28%) and control (10.4%) groups (P = 0.028, OR: 4.28, CI: 1.25-14.14). The difference in ongoing pregnancy rate between intervention (28%) and control (8.3%) groups was also statistically significant (P = 0.012, OR: 3.44, CI: 1.1-1.18).
    Conclusion
    Intrauterine injection of hCG (500 IU) before frozen-thawed embryo transfer can significantly improve clinical and ongoing pregnancy in patients with history of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI).
    Keywords: Embryo transfer, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Implantation, Pregnancy
  • Jamileh Malakouti, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Azizeh Farshbaf, Khalili, Tayebeh Azadi, Babak Darabi Pages 194-199
    Objectives
    The prevalence of high-risk behaviors among different parts of society has attracted attentions to prostitution as one of the most important current problems. This study was carried out to determine the job motivation and its relationship with sexual attitude of sex workers in west of Iran during 2015.
    Materials And Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 173 prostitutes. All eligible female prostitutes had a record in state welfare offices, health care centers and drug rehabilitation centers and also street prostitutes sampling was performed through snowball sampling method. Data were collected using socio-demographic, job motivation and Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (BSAS) questionnaires and were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods and Kruskal-Wallis test.
    Results
    The average age of first sexual intercourse and entry into prostitution was 19.1 and 24.3 years, respectively. The mean (SD) score of attitude was 59.8 (4.3). Making money was stated as the main reason for sexual intercourse by the majority of cases (65.9%), while less than half of them pointed to poor family economic condition as the reason for choosing this job. Based on Kruskal-Wallis test, there was a significant relationship between attitude score and questions of one and seven of motivation questionnaire (P
    Conclusion
    Making money due to poverty and poor economic condition was the main job motivation behind prostitution followed by satisfaction of sexual needs. It can be argued that economic factors should be highlighted and more responsibility should be assumed in resolving this issue in the society.
    Keywords: Attitude, Motivation, Sexual activity, Sex workers
  • Fahimmeh Sehaty, Sahar Azari, Hosseyn Ebrahimi Pages 200-204
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to assess the quality of cesarean care in regard to physical, emotional and ethical aspects among mothers who had recently delivered by cesarean section.
    Materials And Methods
    By using quota sampling method and questionnaire tool, 392 mothers who had been hospitalized for cesarean section in public and private hospitals of Tabriz, were selected. SPSS version 13, descriptive statistics, independent t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation tests were used for data analysis.
    Results
    Findings indicated that the rate of mothers’ satisfaction in labor and post-partum stages in the ethical and physical dimensions were highest in both kinds of hospitals. The analysis of data showed significant difference between mothers’ satisfaction with all aspects of care in the public and private hospitals (P
    Conclusion
    The results showed that mothers were more satisfied of physical and ethical dimensions, but emotional dimension of care in both kinds of hospitals was low so we should try to raise the quality of this aspect of caring.
    Keywords: Cesarean section, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of health care
  • GÜlŞah İlhan*, Fatma Ferda Verit Atmaca, Ali Galip Zebitay, HÜseyin GÜltekin, Ahmet Hasan Ergin, Karolin OhanoĞlu Pages 205-207
    Objectives
    Patients with bladder flap hematoma usually present with a mass lesion, signs of hypovolemia and/or infection. We herein introduce a patient that presented with an extraordinary sign of bladder flap hematoma.
    Case Presentation
    A woman with term pregnancy presented to our hospital in labor. She underwent cesarean delivery due to persistent late decelerations. Cesarean delivery was performed with the traditional cesarean section method. On the first postoperative hour, the patient developed postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony. She had severe anemia and tachycardia. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed the presence of 86 × 77 mm solid mass interposed between lower uterine segment and bladder. Slow-onset hematuria was noticed in the previously clear urinary discharge. The patient was treated conservatively.
    Conclusion
    Hematuria may be a sign of bladder flap hematoma. Though no exact and standardized protocols exist for the management, conservative approach is one of the treatment modalities and may be offered for eligible patients.
    Keywords: Bladder flap, Cesarean section, Complication, Hematuria