پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1394)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention on resiliency of female patients with multiple sclerosis in the city of Kermanshah. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, a month follow-up and control group. To do the study, among the female patients admitted to the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Society of Kermanshah 30 persons were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Both groups responded to Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, at the pretest stage. In later stages of research, in the experimental group the positive psychology intervention were conducted for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The results of Covariance analysis showed that positive psychology intervention increased the resiliency of patients with multiple sclerosis and the effect of intervention was meaningful in posttest and follow up stage. The results of research showed that positive psychology intervention can be used as an efficient way to increase resiliency of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The objective of the study was to explain the role of academic optimism, academic emotions and school well-being on the mathematical performance of girl and boy students. The research method was descriptive and correlation. A sample of 440 (109 boys and 331 girls) students was selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments were Student Academic Optimism Scale (Tschannen-Moran, Bankole, Mitchell & Moore), Academic Emotions Questionnaire (Pekrun, Goetz & Frenzel), and School Well-being Questionnaire (Konu, Alanen, Lintonen, & Rimpela). A teacher- made questionnaire was also used to evaluate math scores. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression analysis and independent t- test. Findings showed that academic optimism, academic emotions and school well-being had significant positive correlation with math performance (0.20, 0.23, 0.16). The results showed academic well-being had significant positive relationship whit mathematic performance of girls and boys and predicts mathematic performance, too. Also, the results showed academic emotions had significant positive relationship with students mathematic performance in the girls and in combination with academic well-being explained %16 mathematic performance; but it was not the case in the boys. Academic optimism with academic well-being could explain %17 of boys mathematic performance, while in the girls there were not such explanation power.

The purpose of the study was to evauate the role of meaning in life, mindfulness and resilience in the flourishing of students. Based on descriptive – analytic method, two hundred and forty students of Tabriz University were selected by convenience sampling. Participants responded to Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ; Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer, R.A., Smith,G.T.,Hopkins,J.,Krietemeyer,J.,& Toney) and Diener Flourishing Scale. The results were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that meaning in life and mindfulness had direct effects on the resilience. Resilience also had direct effects on the flourishing. Moreover the meaning in life and mindfulness showed indirect effect on flourishing by mediational effects of resilience. In general, hypothetical model showed good fit. These findings can be endorsed the importance of the positive role of meaning in life, mindfulness and resilience on the flourishing.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of resiliency intervention on mental health, optimism and life satisfaction of female-headed-households in the city of Sabzevar. The research was semi-experimental, with pretest-posttest and control group. Forty two women who volunteered to participate in the training program (10 sessions, each session 90 minutes and within 10 weeks) were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group,n = 21). Data was collected by demographic questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (28- GHQ), Scheier, and Carver Optimism Scale (LOT-R) and Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The results of co-variance analysis showed that resiliency training was effective on increasing mental health, optimism and life satisfaction. Therefore, resiliency skill training can be used as an efficient way to increase mental health, optimism and life satisfaction of female-headed households.

The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on psychological well-being and perceived quality of marital relationship on infertile women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest and 3 months follow up, with a control group. Among the population of infertile women, twenty infertile women (10 persons in experimental group, 10 persons in control group) were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 session (1 ½ hours for each) of positive thinking training. For data collection, Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire and Fletcher Perceived Quality of Marital Relationship Scale were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for analyzing the data. The results showed the positive thinking training was effective on the psychological well-being and quality of marital relationship among infertile women. Also, the training was effective in a 3 months follow up. Therefore, positive thinking skills can be used in prevention actions.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of managers psychological capital components training on increasing the employees engagement. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The sample was forty four managers who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In order to evaluate the effect of the experimental intervention among the staff of each manager, two to three employees (99 person) were randomly selected and randomly were assigned to experimental and control groups. To collect the data, two questionnaires of psychological capital, Luthans, Avolio, and yousef and work engagement questionnaire, Gallup was used. There was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the basic needs and management support components. However, in the components of teamwork and development opportunities the difference between the two groups was not significant .Totally, the results showed managers psychological capital training increased employees engagement.