نشریه حسابداری و منافع اجتماعی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 21، تابستان 1395)

Financial structure is one of the most important issues in modern financial theories that is not studied in recent years, but in the last few decades, the researchers have been focus on it. Different financing resources, have provided favorable investment and can cause to increase stockholder’ wealth. For this reason, recognition of different financing resources and their effect on stock price volatility is very important. So, this research has dealt with the study of relationship between financial structure and volatility of stock price in firms listed in Tehran stock exchange during 2010-2014. Financial structure included short term and long term bank borrowing and capital increase) are considered as independent variables while volatility of stock price is the dependent variable. The size of company and the financial leverage are the control variables. The statistical population of research includes accepted companies in stock exchange that of which 123 firms are selected by systematic removing method. Line regression and EViews9 software was used for testing of research hypothesis. The research results showed that there is negative significantly relationship between short term borrowing and capital increase with stock price volatility but no significant relationship between long term bank borrowing with stock price volatility was found.

After bankruptcy of such companies as Enron and WorldCom, the legislature and regulatory institutions paid attention to the role of auditors and their rotation. The sections 203 and 207 of Sarbanes Oxley’s Act (2002) have been allocated to the prohibition of more than 5 years tenure by audit partners and doing research about mandatory rotation of audit firms. The supporting arguments for mandatory rotation are summarized in upgrading the auditor's independence and decentralization in audit market. Contrary to that, related studies makes clear that this action not only does not culminate in improving the quality of auditing but also it will increase the costs of auditing due to the necessity of collecting evidence and knowledge in the early years of auditing. Also decentralization in the market will culminate in decreasing the opportunities for small auditing firms because of competition and endangers the auditor's job security. In other words, the effective auditing will not be realized

This paper shows an overview on the positivist philosophy and critical realism. The review of this research paradigm commences with the identification of the underlying motivations that prompted of critical realism. This process is provided by a brief review of ontology, epistemology, methodology and the research philosophies and methods popularly applied in accounting. The theoretical basis of critical realism and the ontological and epistemological assumptions are establishing the ‘truth’ and validity of basic criteria of this paradigm, thus the new paradigm is discussed that relate to critical realism with accounting research. The purpose of this discussion is using of different approaches of research for accounting and assisting to accounting researchers for using of different research method

Nowadays, due to increasing efficiency and effectiveness of Information Technology (IT) , increasing of audit costs, activation of capital market and need to detailed and timely information, utilization of Information Technology in auditing profession is affordable and auditing firms must change traditional materiel and system. Though external audit in Iran, learn the effect of Information Technology on auditing profession it but slowly react to it and significantly, auditing is done by manual and old methods. So this papers study the obstacles of Information Technology in external audit in Iran. For this, the Information Technology concept is defined, then the necessity of utilization of Information Technology in auditing and relationship between Information Technology and auditing is reviewed and in the following continuous auditing is explained that result from using of Information Technology in Electronic E-Commerce. Problems and constraints of Information Technology utilization in external auditing in Iran is expressed and finally is proposed solution for these problems.

What is important for the users of financial information is the output of the financial system, not the accounting principles and practices, because it helps them achieve their goals. The main objective of investors is maximizing their wealth. Wealth depends on two factors included risk and return. That's why the prediction of these factors is crucial to the shareholders. Therefore, they use any tool that can help them reach these goals. One of these tools with the increasing usage in recent years is financial ratio. Financial ratios are one of the most common methods to analyze financial information. These ratios are summary of financial statements and their application and interpretation is easier. Hence the aim of this article is to review the studies on the role of financial ratios to predict stock returns as one of the main objectives of the shareholders. In this study that refers to the domestic research, the results indicate that profitability ratios have higher share to predict stock returns compared with other groups of financial ratios. Findings show that ROA and ROE have the most ability to explain stock returns changes

This paper surveys the research about the influence of investor feelings on stock pricing and also provides a theoretical basis that help understand the relevant findings of this area. The theoretical basis is developed with reference to research in the fields of economic psychology and decision making. Different researches in understanding how feelings affect the decision-making of individuals, especially under conditions of risk and uncertainty have been done that study in this paper. The psychology theoretical basis is applied to analyze the existing research on investor feelings. This research examines that whether variations in feelings that are widely experienced by people influence investor decision making and consequently lead to predictable patterns in stock pricing. Domestic and foreign research findings show that feeling of investors at time of buy and sell of stock can effect on decision making logic.