مجله آموزش پرستاری
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 17، امرداد و شهریور 1395)

Educational programs are designed to meet the educational needs of learners. Therefore, need identification is the first step in educational planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the educational needs of nurses working in hospitals of Tehran University.
The present study was a descriptive research. The study population was all the nurses in hospitals of Tehran University. To form the number of 361, stratified random sampling method was selected. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers in this study, so that specialized training required 72 and 20 require public education was developing. The content validities and reliability using Cornbrash's alpha for the public and specialized courses were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software in addition to inferential statistical tests including t-independent model (paired), as well as the independent t.
The findings indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean level of experimental components of general and specialized training needs (α = 0.01). According to the average of the results of training, in order of preference, the highest average in the "introduction to certain diseases" and the lowest mean in "teaching reading EKG tape and identifying cardiac arrhythmias and its nursing care" were concerned. Finally, with respect to the t values obtained, there was no significant difference between the average of nurses in training needs, with an emphasis on different positions (head nurse) (α = 0.05).
Based on the needs expressed by nurses, general educational and specialized training courses in the state of neutrality are essential; however, it is suggested to hold short-term and long-term training courses for nurses in order to improve knowledge and skills of nurses.

Since basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients who are afflicted by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest reduce mortality of these individuals significantly, and due to the low level of awareness and performance of laypersons regarding CPR, this study aimed to assess the effect of CPR education through compound method on knowledge and performance of entourages of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
This quasi-experimental study with pre and posttest design was conducted on 48 entourages of patients admitted to Ahvaz Imam Hospital with cardiovascular diseases during 2014. Data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire which was completed during the first 72 hours after admission to cardiac care unit and two weeks after education. Subjects were educated during three sessions (each session was 60 minutes) in three days through lecture, manikin and work in small groups. Data were analyzed through descriptive (percentage, number, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (independent t-test and Chi-square) methods with SPSS 16 software.
Means and standard deviations of awareness scores before and after the education were 5.98 ± 3.04 and 11.29 ± 3.43, respectively, and means and standard deviations of performance scores were 10.81 ± 1.92 and 19.41 ± 4.41 before and after the education, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between awareness and performance scores before and after the education (P ≤ 0.001).
Based on our results that showed compound education could be effective on awareness and performance of entourages of patients with cardiovascular diseases, this educational method is suggested.

Anxiety disorders are among the widely-spread disorders that today, is in all parts of people’s lives. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is a third-generation cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of anxiety disorders. Accordingly, the necessity of using teaching methods which are more effective is important. We aimed to determine the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on emotional processing in anxious nurses.
This was a quasi-experimental study, in which pretest-posttest control group was used. Forty subjects completed the study; the study sample was randomly selected from nurses of Ardabil anxiety groups (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and were assigned to a waiting list. Anxiety questionnaire for data collection-trait mindfulness questionnaires and scales were used for emotional processing. Data analysis of variance was done with SPSS v. 16 software.
Results showed that the mean scores of anxiety and emotional processing in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group of (P The results showed that training of knowledge-based cognitive therapy on anxiety and emotional processing was effective in nurses. Therefore, based on knowledge of cognitive therapy, training to improve nurse's anxiety and emotional processing should be taken into consideration.

During an educational course, evaluation is one of the challenges of nursing students. Including students in the evaluation process is one of the methods for validation of evaluation. This study aimed to compare self and instructor evaluation of pediatric nursing trainees in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 28 junior nursing students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences attending a pediatric internship program were chosen by census method in 2015. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and students’ qualifying skills questionnaire. The evaluation form was completed by instructors and the students themselves at the end of the day and continued till the end of the course (day 10). Data analysis was performed with descriptive and analytical statistics including repeated measures and Pearson’s coefficient using SPSS version 18.
Means and standard deviations of the total score of instructor's evaluation and students’ self-evaluation were 84.01 ± 8.81 and 89.74 ± 6.17, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the mean score of evaluation by instructors and students’ self-evaluation (paired t-test, P = 0.161).
The results of instructor's evaluation and that of students were similar. This may indicate that students can judge their own performance and can realize both weak and potent points of themselves. Thus, the use of this method along with the other method is recommended to reduce students’ evaluation challenges.

Assessment of clinical skills acquired by students is an important issue in nursing education. Self-evaluation is a useful tool to determine eligibility for professional development, and will lead to the elimination of defects. This study aimed to determine the senior year nursing student's viewpoints regarding access to clinical nursing skills of medical and surgical units at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.
In this cross-sectional study, 70 senior year nursing students were selected using census sampling method at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tools were questionnaire including demographic information and 190 scaled questions about clinical nursing skills of medical and surgical units in different areas. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (version 20) software eighth and descriptive statistics and multiple regressions.
The total average score was 360.05 ± 75.35 over 570 reported good level of skills. Furthermore, 11.4% of students reported excellent level of skills, 75.7% good level, and 12.9% medium level. The results of this study showed that there was no significant relationship in access to clinical nursing skills and gender, marital status, interest in nursing and place of residence (P > 0.05).
Although students reported their clinical skills at good and excellent level in most cases, there were a few cases that reported weak level of skills. Policies for promoting greater use of educational and clinical environments and preparing the opportunity to practice the required skills are suggested.

Social intelligence, the ability to understand and deal with others, allows wise human communication. In other words, it leads to optimal communication with others, self controls, compliance and motivation for life. Thus, the purpose of this research was to study social intelligence in students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences during year 2015.
The type of research was sectional-analytical. The research population included all students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences (n = 2044), 219 of which were selected as the sample using the Cochran Formula and stratified random sampling. The data was collected using social intelligence questionnaire with 21 items in three components (social information process, and social awareness and social skills), scored with a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was done at descriptive level and inferential level by SPSS 18 statistical software.
Findings showed that mean social intelligence components was higher than average. The highest mean score was related to social information process (3.60 ± 0.57). Also, there were no significant differences between social intelligence in terms of gender and college, yet this difference was significant on basis of the academic course.
On basis of the findings, student’s social intelligence level was higher than average and was desirable. This showed that students can largely predict the behavior of others, understand other's feelings and wishes, and adapt easily to others.

The research results showed that there was a relatively large gap in training operating room skills and clinical practice, so that clinical training did not enable students to perform the required tasks. One of the new approaches in training is a mentoring program. The aim of this study was to review mentoring of operating room students.
This study was a Systematic Review of Persian and English data including those available in PubMed, Ovide, Elsevier, ProQuest, IranMedex, SID, and Magiran databases, searched using key terms such as mentor, mentee, mentoring, mentorship, operating room, and surgery from 2001 to 2015. All articles and studies about mentoring were retrieved, which included 342 articles. Of this number, only 27 articles were about the use of mentoring in the operating room.
In total, 27 articles were analysed including 18 research articles and nine review articles in two themes. Themes included: 1- Faculty and surgical technologists act as mentors for operating room students 2- Important mentoring strategies and creating clinical competency in newcomers to the operating room.
Mentoring approach effects improvement of clinical competency in operating room students. It is suggested for this method to be used in the training of medical and paramedic students.

The health and well-being of nurses and their commitment to their work environment can increase the quality of their performance and improve service delivery to clients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived organizational justice on organizational loyalty and job well-being with mediating role of social undermining and moderating role of job control.
This study included 168 nurses of Golestan hospital and was conducted during year 2014. For data collection, organizational justice (Neihoff and Moorman), organizational loyalty (Ali and al-Kazemi), job well-being (Parker and Hyett), social undermining (Duffy, Gansetr and stripe) and job control (Dwyer and Ganster) questionairres were distributed among nurses and were collected after two weeks. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and regression analysis with AMOS-22 and SPSS-22 were used.
Based on the results, the final model had good fitness (RMSEA = 0.07¡CFI = 0.94¡ GFI = 0.90). The findings indicated that perceived organizational justice had an indirect effect on organizational loyalty and job well-being by mediating role of social undermining, while job control moderated the relationship between perceived organizational justice and social undermining.
Considering that environmental conditions can influence employee's perceptions, it is suggested for the hospital management to take steps for decreasing social undermining and increasing employees organizational loyalty and job well-being by providing opportunities for job control and increasing empowerment.