نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 2 (بهار 1395)

The phenomenon of female-headed households is a social reality, that it can be seen today in most countries due to the various reasons. Female-headed households are the most vulnerable members of society. Therefore, the aim of current study was to compare the personality traits and hope among female-headed households with and without trend towards remarriage.
This study is a descriptive comparative research. The 140 female-headed households (25-50 ages) with tendency towards marriage (n=70) and without tendency towards marriage (n=70) were chosen through cluster simple in Tehran in 2015. The measuring instruments are State Hope Scale Snyder (1991) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (FFI-NEO). Data was analyzed utilizing t independent.
The results showed that there was significant difference between neuroticism (P=0.047), extraversion (P=0.006), openness (P=0.001) female-headed households with and without tendency towards marriage. Additionally, the significant difference was not observed between agreeableness (P= 0.88), conscientiousness (P= 0.149) and hope (P= 0.65) among female-headed households with and without tendency towards marriage.
These findings indicated there was a more tendency towards marriage in femaleheaded households with extraversion and openness and female-headed households with the neuroticism has less tendency towards marriage. Hence, it should be considered the educational program to enhance the extraversion and openness remarriage among female-headed households in order to change the attitude towards and finally to reduce social and individual problems.

Nursing students are exposed to clinical environmental stresses in addition to educational environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to assessment of clinical stressful factors among Academic Students of Nursing and Operating Room of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2015.
This study was a description-analytical study with 234 students of nursing and operation room up to two semesters for enrolled. Data was using a self-made researcher Questionnaire consisted of demographic information and clinical stressful factors. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-PC (v.20).
The findings showed that the main stressors in students of nursing and operation room were unpleasant emotions and least stressful areas were interpersonal communication in a clinical environment. The results showed that the average score of the field of education and humiliating experiences using Spearman correlation test (P=0/045) (r=0/16).
Study showed, the mean stress is the moderate level. Stressful areas obtained in the four areas of personal communication, clinical practice stressful, unpleasant feelings and humiliating experience that fortunately, in many cases reform and change.

Premarital sex in big cities like Tehran, has increased significantly and could also have an impact on future relations people after marriage. The main objective of this study was to compare marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction in married men with and without a history of premarital sex.
This research was causal-comparative. The population of this study consists of all married men less than 45 years in Tehran. 144 married men in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect the data, Kansas marital satisfaction and Enrich sexual satisfaction subscale were used. Independent sample t test were used for data analysis.
The results showed that marital satisfaction in married men with a history of premarital sex other than with current wife with a mean (SD) 15.6 (4.1) is less than men with no history of 17.6 (3.5) (P This research suggests that married men with a premarital sexual history with other partners, have lower marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction

University students are among vulnerable groups to tendency towards substance use. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the role of personal, familial, and social risk and protective factors in the prediction of tendency to this behavior among students.
This descriptive correlational study was carried out on 431 students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected by Risk and Protective Factors Inventory (RPFI) and Youth Risk Taking Scale (YRTS) and then, were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and stepwise multivariate regression.
Data analysis using Pearson Correlation Coefficient showed significant relationships between personal (e.g. attitude towards substance use and tendency to drug use; r=0.6, P In conclusion, current results indicated that a series of individual, familial, and social factors affect tendency towards substance use among students. Accordingly, identifying vulnerable students using suitable screening tests and providing them with primary prevention programs is of the utmost importance.

In the current situation, it seems that municipal solid waste recycling despite hygienic, economic and environmental aspects is important from sociopolitical aspect. The aim of this study was to determine waste recycling condition and the knowledge of households about resistive economics, as an action along with a policy.
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 family of Amirkola city in Mazandaran province during 2013. The samples were collected from 33 regions using cluster sampling method. The data was collected by means of researcher-made data collection sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistical indices and Chi- square test, and p The results showed that the mean (SD) of age were 39.1 (10.9) years and 176 (53%) female. More than half of households (56.9%) were recycling municipal solid waste (plastic, paper, glass, and food residue) which the share of plastic, and paper were the highest. Only 59 (29%) were familiar with resistive economics, but there was not any significant relation between waste recycling and their awareness of resistive economics.
The limitation of knowledge about resistive economics, and their weakness of practice about waste recycling imply that the authorities should have definite programs in order to increase family information and participations in social issues.

Spiritual health as one of the most important aspects of health, determines a person's integrity and has important role in increasing productivity, motivation and ability of individuals especially students. The purpose of this study was exploring graduate students’ experience of spiritual health status and related skills during study.
This research was done through content analysis approach in 2016.15 graduate student's were investigated via purposeful sampling. Experiences of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences about spiritual health status and related skills during study was evaluated. Inclusion criteria were including willingness to participate in the study, students who were graduated in the recent week of study and had ability to speak fluently. Data was gathered using individual, group in-depth semi-structured interviews, observation, and field note. Interviews recorded, typed, and analyzed using content analysis method. Criteria such as credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability were used to rigor and trustworthy of data.
15 participants, including 10 women and five men aged between 23 and 36 years participated in this study. The analysis of qualitative data resulted in four major themes “strengthening interpersonal characteristics", "Improving communication skills", "Lack of intrapersonal characteristics promotion", and "lack of improving relationship with the environment".
The results of the study showed that universities can change student's self-concept and raise who are responsible, purposeful, self-confident and determined. On the other hand, if the university had poor performance on student's social protections, student's personal and social identity will not grow.