فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 71، بهار 1395)

Based on sustainable development approach, the paper, intends to offer a conceptual framework to evaluate the structure of Iran’s economy. As findings of the paper proves, the maximum and minimum figures of the sustainable development in Iran, respectively belongs to 1970s and 1990s. Also, Sensitivity analysis model indicates that the water issue was the most critical matter within the context of sustainable development in 1990s and even the optimized indicators of water consumption and per capita thereof, as well as the underground water resources have the most influence on improvement of sustainability indicators.

Enjoying the methods and techniques of future studies, the paper reviews the US – Iran relationship during the last three decades and then it considers the possible US approach against Iran in the next decade. According to the authors of the paper, the future US possible option against Iran will be confrontation together with a degree of limited cooperation on regional issues. This kind of approach can be better understood based on the concept of smart power in the American foreign policy.

The paper aims at illustrating the nature of the cyber revolution and its impacts on the character as well as contents of espionage. It seems that the cyber space has led to go beyond of time and place constraints with regard to espionage and therefore, variety of espionage and new actors in this field as well as introduction of different field of espionage have caused profound impacts on the nature and contents of espionage. With this development, the cyber espionage heralds a turning point in the field of espionage, so one can argue that by the revolution in cyber technology, a revolution in espionage will be inevitable.

By assuming competence for or authorizing the member states of the European Convention on Human Rights to take some actions, Doctrine of Margin of Appreciation provides them with the possibility to create a balance between requirements of their national interest while complying with their obligations according to the Convention. In fact, based on the Doctrine, the member states can interpret the provisions of the Convention in a way that they do not breach those provisions; however, they can secure their national interests.

Nowadays, the Jewish fundamentalism has appeared in the Zionist regime’s political system in the three following forms: passive fundamentalism, pragmatic fundamentalism and messianic fundamentalism. A remarkable feature, in common, to all of these three forms is that they seek for their roots in the Old Testament and holy sources of the Judaism and they share similar ultimate goals; however, they believe in different tactics and strategy to realize their goals. The main reason of this diversity goes back to interpretation of the religious belief that Judaism is either in Diaspora or Salvation. The new fundamentalists are attempting to utilize political parties and play an active role so to be able to achieve their goals.

According to the findings of the paper, the UN Human Rights Council has been taking clear positions on atrocities and inhuman actions of the Zionist regime and so to do its legal responsibility without any political consideration or pressures of the regime’s lobbies. However, due to politicized approach of the UN Security Council, the performance of UN Human Rights Council has not led to a desired result against the Zionist regime. The negative vote or abstention by some of the UNSC members about the regime is indeed incompatible with their sensitive positions on other human rights issues.