فصلنامه آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

Evaluation means examine the amount of achieve to objectives and using appropriate assessment tools consider as one of the most effective elements in educational systems in order to take advantage of the views of learners. This research completed by purpose of determine students'' perceptions about Learning-Teaching environment based on DREEM model in Shahroud University of Medical Science - 2014.
In this cross-sectional research¡ 332 students of Shahrood University of Medical Sciences were evaluated by stratified sampling. Data were collected using by demographic specification form and Roff et al’s valid and reliable 50-items questionnaire for educational environment (DREEM) and they were analyzed by using SPSS-v20 software and descriptive statistics tests¡ Independent T and one-way analysis of variance.
Overall vision of students most (77.4%) was desirable and very desirable from teaching and learning environment. Also¡ between overall vision of students based on gender (p Using the obtained results will be beneficial in future studies in order to improve teaching and learning environment and enhance teaching and learning in university and compares the views of learners¡ and also changes in the student recruitment process so that interested students are attracted to study.

clinical education is the most important section in medical education and it is numerate as a heart of medical education that this issue is more important because of patient is more dependent to care giver, also, doing more specific intervention by care giver. Thus this research was done to survey effects removal amendable barriers in clinical training on performance of trainee's students in intensive care unit and coronary care units.
This study was a after-before quasi-experimental research. Community of this study were include nursing and anesthesia training students who had training course in units of ICU and CCU that 42 students were entered to research by census method after that they divided in interventional and control groups by random allocation who were 21 person in each group . At the beginning the performance of students in both groups were measured based on miler pyramid and then identify and remove these amendable obstacles in the clinical training also at the end of the training the students performance was assessed. For data analysis was used version 16 SPSS software, independent and paired T, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, ANCOVA and descriptive statistic include mean, relative frequency.
Total score of the intervention group before the intervention was (322/5±41/67) and the total score of the control group in the first test was (336/88±35/89) that P= 0/238 difference does not show significant difference, but in the end training score in the intervention group was (487/26±43/45) and the total score of the control group was (396/67±36/37) that P= 0/000 indicate a significant difference between two groups.
The results showed there are many barriers in clinical education which removing clinical training barriers dramatically improve student performance about caring of patient in intensive care unit.

Complying with professional ethics in clinical education promotes and improves the teaching-learning process and internalizes morality. The present study was carried out with the aim of investigating the self-assessment of nursing and paramedical faculty of Jahrom about the status of professional ethics in clinical education.
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 2014. The valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire (r = 0.75) was completed by 20 of the Instructor of nursing and paramedical faculty. The data were entered to SPSS version16 software and analyzed by descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and analytical test (Friedman).
The average age of instructors was 28 ± 3.18 and their history in bedside teaching was 7±2.78 years. The average of instructor's self-assessment to professional ethics in clinical practice was 2.36 ± 0.40 out of 3 that was evaluated “excellent”.
The result of this study showed that self-evaluation of instructors about professional ethics in clinical education was at a high level. More field studies on this topic are suggested.

Due to the growing complexities of health care, the use of methods that improve the ability to think critically, decision-making and problem-solving in nursing is mandatory. This study aimed to determine the effect of inquiry-based learning on student's performance skills, satisfaction and clinical environments. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of inquiry-based teaching on student's operational skills and satisfaction in clinical environments.
This clinical trial was conducted in the ICU unit of Valie Asr hospital of Arak in 2014. A total of 40 nursing students were selected through census method and randomly divided into two 20-member groups. After the pre-test, students in the control group and those in the intervention group received conventional (traditional) and inquiry-based training for 10 days, respectively. At the end of training, both groups took post-test. Finally, independent and paired-t and chi-square tests and using SPSS.V16 software were analyzed.
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical skills prior to training. But after the intervention, the intervention group scores in the areas of clinical skills such as arterial blood sample preparation (P=0.0001), connection to ventilator (P =0.0001), suction (P =0.0001), tube feeding stuffs (P =0.001) and skin care (P =0.001) were significantly higher than in the control group. Satisfaction points in the intervention group with a mean of 12/75±16/76 was significantly higher than those of the control group with a mean of 7/51 ± 10/06 was (P=0.042).
Inquiry-based training, compared to the usual method, leads to an improvement in clinical skills and the satisfaction of nursing students. Hence, it seems that this educational method is effective and beneficent for teaching clinical reasoning and practical procedures.

Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is one of the most important parts of health system. So, it is important to understand the factors affecting the performance of the emergency technicians. One aspect of intelligence is known as spiritual intelligence that some studies have shown its relationship with the quality of employees’ performance. So, the present study was carried out with the aim of investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence and pre-hospital care in the city of Arak.
All emergency medical technicians who had taken at least one heart-related patient participated in this study. In order to evaluate spiritual intelligence, spiritual intelligence questionnaire of Abdullah Zadeh et al. was used, and to evaluate the job performance of emergency, job performance questionnaire of Paterson (JPQ) was used. After collecting the data, the results were analyzed by SPSS16 software, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis at the significance level of 0.05.
The mean score of EMS personnel performance was 60/5±7/8 and the average score of the participant's spiritual intelligence was 63/96±21/6. Pierson correlation test showed that spiritual intelligence of the personnel was associated with their performance quality (P=0.00).
According to the results of the study, spiritual intelligence is linked to the performance quality of the EMS technicians. Consequently, applying procedures to strengthen their spiritual intelligence in order to improve the quality of services provided by medical emergency and disaster management centers is recommended.

In learning-teaching process, students are evaluated in terms of achieving the expected outcomes. Students’ perspective, as one of the main participants in learning- teaching process, is a key factor in improving the process. This study has been carried out with the aim of revealing the challenges of clinical evaluation and the approaches to improve it from the perspective of nursing students.
This descriptive study was carried out with a qualitative approach in 2015. The participants were 20 B.A students from the Nursing faculty of Isfahan. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation. Method of data collection was individual interview. Data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis.
2 Main categories and 8 sub-categories representing student's experiences of the clinical evaluation were extracted from the interviews. The main categories included the “inefficient clinical evaluation including sub-categories: the significance of Summative evaluations, Inattention to the practical skills of students, Inconsistent evaluation criteria, Poor performance of clinical instructor” and the category of “Comprehensive clinical evaluation including sub-categories: Coordinated evaluation protocol, Evaluation based on training, Analysis of the clinical setting and indirect evaluation”.
Challenges expressed by participants including clinical instructor’s inattention to the students’ practical skills and the absence of clear and coordinated criteria in the clinical evaluation program raises the need to reconsider, if necessary to revise, the current process evaluation. Strategies provided by the students can be used to improve the current process evaluation.

Establishing fair relationships with the patients is among the main principles of the Patient’s Rights Charter. Operating rooms where patients, due to being unconscious and consequently not being aware of any of the processes, need more support from the employees. Therefore patients’ rights in the operating room takes on much more importance. The present study was performed with the aim of assessing the awareness of and respect for patient rights by operating room personnel.
This was a descriptive study. The study sample included 44 operating room personnel. Data were collected by self-made questionnaire including three sections and 15 questions. In order . according test-retest method the reliability coefficient of the first part of the questionnaire related to recognizing patient's rights was α-0.7 and the second part of the questionnaire was α-0.83. The questionnaire was completed by the patients using self-reporting. Data analysis was performed using software SPSS version 16.
The average score of awareness and respect for patient's rights by staff was 3.250±19.54 and 4.69 ± 17.75, respectively. Scores of awareness of patients’ rights were reported at a good level in 56% of personnel while respecting these rights was at a desirable level only in 15% of subjects.
Although recognizing patients’ rights was at a desirable level, compliance with these rights was not satisfactory. So, paying attention to these rights by operating room personnel is necessary.

Motivating employees is one of the primary duties of managers. Employees’ motivation has always been seen as a challenge for managers. If we can increase staff motivation, then job satisfaction and consequently human labor productivity and client satisfaction will eventually improve. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the motivational performance of head nurses from their own perspective and that of nurses under the supervision of educational hospitals in Arak.
This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. All head nurses and nurses at educational hospitals of Arak were studied using census method. Data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, using descriptive and inferential statistics like independent t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA.
The mean score of motivational performance of head nurses from the perspective of themselves was 3/33±1/01and from the perspective of nurses was 4/31±0/37. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the perception of head nurses and that of nurses about the situation of motivational performance (p With respect to the relationship between the two views the gap between the status quote of motivational performance and the ideal situation, it is recommended that all nurse managers encourage their self- empowerment to promote the quality of motivational performance process.