مجله پژوهش های علم و دین
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

The dominant impression among humanistic schools of thought is that the basic belief in spirituality and following the due rites consist man’s requirement. This requirement is determined according to psychical conditions and demands of human being. Such a requirement couldn’t be basically denied or douted; therefore, authorities, particularly psychologists, have accentuated the necessity to accept spirituality as being an element of appeasement and pacification. But no importance has been rendered whether or not the believed spirituality is definitely sound; wether it is rightly based upon a rational, valid ground or not. In the holy law of Islam, in addition to strongly focusing on and emphasizing this basic requirement, it is mentioned explicitely that faith and belief in spirituality ought to be founded upon knowledge and rationality; and that evaluating man’s behaviour be based on the criteria of knowledge and reason. Moreover, faith and belief will end to salvation and bliss only when they are instituted in indisputabe rational and knowledge bases. The holy Quran and narrations of Ahlulbayt (p.b.u.t.) are the second to none of any other religion in repeating and giving emphasis to learning and reasoning. This invalidates the fallacious readings of the pellucid religion of Islam, in addition to distinguishing between the spirituality recommended by it and that of other schools of thought. While designating the distinctive border between, in one hand, the rational- and-knowledge-based spiritulity in Islam and, in the other, the illusory, imaginary ones, this article is to explain the rational and knowledge bases of spirituality in Islam as well as briefly expressing the philosophy of this foundation. The research follows a discriptive – analytical approach, analyzing the library data after collecting them

Camel word was used several times in the Quran and it seems that the most important of them is verse 17 in the Sura of Ghashie. In this verse the importance of the camel is equal to massive creations such as Heaven and Earth and deniers have been invited to study of how is the creation of the camel. Camel is more widely used in hot, arid regions of the world from ancient times and its efficacy was equivalent to all domestic animals. As well as it is known as the main reason for the survival of humanity and civilization in the desert. Special physiological and biological characteristics of this animal were identified in recent studies and also it was determined that there are unique properties in the milk and antibodies of the camel. The findings show that there are many therapeutic properties in camel milk for a variety of diseases, including diabete, cancer and other deadly infectious diseases that treatment of them is not yet possible to man. On the other hand the camel's immune system produces a unique antibody namely nanobody, that its special properties make it very suitable for different usage especially as a therapeutic reagent. Then new scientific findings define the importance of camel in the Quran. This article has attempted to clear the importance of this amazing creature in religion and the Quran with some scientific overviews.

Physicians in theoretical physics consider the human as an open system which is constantly interacting with his surrounding environment and holding exchanging information by it. Now the question is, what is the relationship of these information with human being? Naturalistic philosophers believe that these data collected and analyzed in the brain and will ultimately destroy by the death of the man. But if we believe in the immaterial being of the human soul, we must make speaking in a significance manner about the human person’s information which is served and is beyond the matter. In this article, we aim to examine the role of the information (including scientific or nonscientific data) in the human existence; and we are presenting the definitions based on the information theory and entropy in systems theory, so we can defense of what is mentioned as “consciousness” in the recent attitudes of the soul identification. The contradiction of the consciousness from the body and the matter in physics, is an income of anew reviewing for the abstraction and substantiality of the soul which was a genuine and strong philosophical
belief in the old ontology

Debates on space and time are generally formed around Absolutism and Relationalism. According to Absolutism space and time are real entities and independent of objects while Relationalists believe that space and time are the relation between bodies. Although Newton and Kant, both claim that space and time are real and independent entities, Newton’s space and time depend on God and Kant’s space and time depend on human’s mind. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between God and space and time in epistemic systems Of Newton and Kant in order to pursue the view in which Newton’s account of space and time allows God to be within his epistemic system and Kant’s account provides a way to keep God out of his epistemic system.

Since there are many verses in the Quran regarding ontology, biology, medicine and creation of human and other creatures, some scholars and especially exegetes have attempt to clarify theses verses of the Quran from the time of revelation till now. Most efforts have been done from the fourteenth century onwards among the Muslim scholars and specifically Quran commentators, especially after scientific progress in the west and extensive debates about the conflict between science and religion. Makarem shirazi - one of the fourteenth century exegetes - in his interpretation called Nemouneh has interpreted scientific verses of the Quran and as a result to prove scientific miracle of the Quran. Results show that according to him, some criteria have to be considered for commenting theses verses of the Quran as follow: Interpretation of the Quran based on definite sciences and disregarding to the hypothesis, Interpretation of the Quran based on rules of exegesis, belief to the language of the Quran as a factual language and agreement of the interpretation with the reason. This research is going to show the position of scientific exegesis of the Quran and true criteria in Nemouneh by Ayato al-Allah Makarem.