فصلنامه فرایند مدیریت و توسعه
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 93، پاییز 1394)

With the contribution of psychology to management literature, identification of various dimensions of human personality and their impact on different organizational outcomes came into spotlight. In this regard, this research is conducted to investigate the relationship between personality traits and the likelihood of counterproductive work behavior (CWB) among employees of Social Security Organization in Urumia, using Big Five Personality Model. It is an applied research and from the perspective of methodology, it is a descriptive survey. The research population consisted of all 128 employees of that organization and from among them, 97 people were selected by random sampling method. To study personality traits, Costa and McCrae’s (1992) Big Five 44-Item Questionnaire, and to study of CWB, the questionnaire by Spector et al. (2006) were used. Data analysis shows that individuals with higher levels of extraversion and neuroticism have more CWB and those with higher scores in
conscientiousness and compatibility possess lower CWB. Also, no significant relationship is found between openness and CWB.

Given the significant role of small and medium-size industries in any country’s economic development, this research aims to design a model of market development for small and medium-size food and beverage industries. “Grounded Theory” was applied to design the model. For that purpose, the required data were collected through theoretical sampling, semi-structured interviews with 14 state managers of developing small and medium-sized industries, and studying organizational documents. Based on the results, the development of those industries involves a wide range of activities including: business environment improvement, development of infrastructures, market expansion, technology development, human resource development,
financial resource and networks. Such factors as economic, political-legal, technical, sociocultural, environmental, together with government support, value chain and current status of industry all affect those activities. Advancement of competitiveness through increasing productivity, innovation and added value are among the most significant outcomes of SMEs development.

Finding and recruiting competent personnel is a strategic issue in every organization, preferably in news organizations. This research is conducted to present the characteristics of a professional journalist and to design a competency model for human resources in news agencies. The research method in this project was grounded theory and 19 media experts and journalists comprised the statistical population, who were selected purposively for semi-structured interviews. Based on the findings, some of the most important characteristics of a qualified journalist are: interest in journalism, news intuition, high IQ, making oneself understood well, curiosity, creativity, sociability, good understanding, neatness, patience, politeness, courage, realistic view, zeal for continuous learning, writing skill, ability to work with modern communication technologies, command in one foreign language, and general knowledge. A model for human resource competency in news agencies is also presented.

In regards to the urgency of knowledge management, commercializing it and changes in the nature of economical production today, universities as the major institution of producing knowledge, play a new role in economic development.
To materialize this role, they need to be transformed into entrepreneurial universities. In such universities, managers are the main players in decision making; therefore, they should possess special abilities and capabilities including entrepreneurial skills. Consequently, it is essential to motivate these managers to bring their capabilities into action. Since the development of entrepreneurial behavior is affected by economic entrepreneurial climate, on the one hand, and organizational entrepreneurial climate, on the other, two sets of internal/external factors were determined in this research and their effects on
entrepreneurial behavior of middle managers of selected universities of Iran were studied. The present study is a correlational survey and has used cross-sectional method. The statistical population consisted of middle managers of Sharif University, Beheshti University, Amir Kabir University, Science and Technology University and Kharazmi University. The sample size was 209, estimated by Cochran’s formula. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis method, structural equations, and Friedman’s non-parametric test were used. Results show that such internal factors as freedom of action, working independence, time availability and organizational boundaries have positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior of middle managers of selected universities, but factors like bonuses, reinforcement, and monetary, fiscal and currency policies of government have negative and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior. From among all variables studied, top management support and business policies show no significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior.

The competitive environment of international tourism industry has exposed urgent need for focus on this area. Increasing competitive capability, which can lead to maintaining and increasing market share, has become a major goal world over. Hence, the present study tries to present a quantitative approach, based on major tourism competitiveness theories and reliable survey methods, to (1) assess the factors affecting competitiveness in tourism industry, and (2) provide prioritized actions to increase destination competitiveness. The questionnaire used is based on Crouch and Ritchie’s Conceptual Model of Destination Competitiveness. Questionnaires were sent to 60 lecturers and students (graduate and doctoral) possessing sufficient knowledge of tourism science and tourism industry in Iran. 45 questionnaires were returned, among which 5 were incomplete; therefore, 40 questionnaires were analyzed. It should be noted that the survey questionnaire was divided into two sections, “condition” and “importance” of factors affecting the competitiveness of the tourism industry. According to the findings, most of the factors affecting Iran’s tourism industry competitiveness are in extremely poor condition. Such factors as
marketing destination auditing, monitoring and evaluation, advanced tourism development plan and political will all show consecutively the worst condition. Factors that relatively have the best condition are consecutively culture & history; climate; physiography; hospitality; ethnic, religious, economic cohesion; and finally, cost/value of goods and services. Then, using importance/Performance matrix as well as a quantitative approach, tourism industry priorities were determined.

This research intends to study the causal model of relationship between cultural intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment among the high-school teachers of Naghadeh city. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The population consisted of all high-school teachers of Naghadeh and the sample size was 202, selected
by stratified random sampling. Data was collected by the use of three standardized questionnaires: Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire (Ang, et al.), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (Podsakoff, et al.) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Allen and Meyer). Research data was analyzed by LISREL and SPSS softwares. The results of structural equations show that the direct effect of cultural intelligence on organizational commitment (0.39) is positive and significant, the direct effect of cultural intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior (0.61) is positive and significant, and the direct effect of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational commitment (0.34) is positive and significant. The indirect effect of cultural intelligence on organizational commitment, with the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (0.43), is positive and significant and finally, the total effect of cultural intelligence on organizational commitment (0.38) is positive and significant.

This study aims to investigate the effects of such components as life skills and collective efficacy on life satisfaction among the secondary school teachers of district one in Urmia city. The statistical population in this descriptive-correlational study included all male and female teachers. The subjects were selected through stratified random sampling method in proportion to the statistical population of teachers in different high-schools. Data were collected using the adjusted questionnaires of Life Skills by Saatchi et al., the Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale by Goddard et al., and the Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener et al. Cranach’s alpha indicated that the tools used in the study were of high reliability and stability. The reliability coefficient of life skills, collective efficacy, and satisfaction with life were calculated as 0.92, 0.83, and 0.82, respectively. The results of path analysis show that teachers’ collective efficacy has a significant positive direct effect on their life satisfaction. Moreover, the results of this study show that effective communication, decision making, and critical thinking, as the components of life skills, have a significant positive direct effect on collective efficacy. Other results show that effective communication, decision making, and critical thinking have an indirect effect on life satisfaction. Based on other results, teachers’ collective efficacy has a significant positive relationship with self-awareness, interpersonal relationships, effective communication, managing emotion, decision making, problem solving, creative thinking, and critical thinking. Moreover, collective efficacy has a significant positive relationship with life satisfaction.

Brand loyalty is one of the most important factors affecting the success of marketing efforts, which, in turn, is under the influence of numerous and diverse factors and conditions. Identifying these factors and determining the effect of each significantly help managers to make the right decisions. Therefore, the aim of this article is identifying and examining thefactors influencing brand loyalty and analyzing the moderating effect of hedonic value on the process of developing brand loyalty. This study is a descriptive and applied survey and its statistical population were chosen from Sony’s customers in Yazd Province. Structural equation modeling has been used for data analyzing. The results show that customer satisfaction, brand value, brand trust, perceived quality and customer orientation have strong impact on brand loyalty, while the highest effect belongs to satisfaction. The findings also show that hedonic value only moderates the relationship between satisfaction - loyalty and brand value - and loyalty.