Shiraz Emedical Journal
Volume:17 Issue: 10, Oct 2016

Regarding the high prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and the limited studies on educating households through the educational models for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, the present study was done with the aim of investigating the effects of educational intervention on preventive behaviors towards Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at Kharameh city in 2014..
This was an interventional study in which the statistical population were the households covered by the urban health centers of Kharameh city. 110 households were selected as the experimental group and 110 ones were selected as the control group. The educational intervention based on enabling factors, reinforcing factors and predisposing factors were implemented. Before the intervention and two months after that, the required data was collected through a questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been approved. Descriptive indicators as well as independent T-test, paired T-test and chi-square test were used. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS software, version 16. The significance level was considered 0.05 in all tests..
The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors and reinforcing factors regarding behavior increased significantly in the experimental group after the intervention but no significant difference was seen in the control group (P ≤ 0.0001)..
The education based on enabling factors, reinforcing factors and predisposing factors had a significant effect on the households’ behavior as well as the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis control..

Preterm delivery is a major cause of mortality in infants. The prevalence of preterm delivery is rising over time. Psychological disorders have been associated with preterm delivery. In this study, we aimed to compare the frequency of psychological disorders among women with spontaneous preterm versus term delivery..
In this cross- sectional study, psychological disorders in 60 women, who experienced spontaneous term delivery and in 60 women who had spontaneous preterm delivery (gestational age of less than 37 weeks) were examined , using symptom checklist-90-revised questionnaire (SCL-90-R) in Akbarabadi teaching hospital during 2014. The question scales were compared between the two groups, using Chi 2 test and independent t- test..
The mean age of the participants was 23.58 ± 4.26, and 23.90 ± 4.71 in preterm-delivery and term-delivery groups, respectively (P value = 0.22). The mean score of Symptom checklist-90-revised questionnaire (SCL-90-R) was 102.21 (± 35.81) in women with preterm delivery, and it was 59.14 ± 22.17 in women with term delivery, which was significantly different (P value Psychological disorders in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Therefore, future studies should focus on finding ways to lower psychological disorders in late pregnancy..

The Internet has become a fundamental part of modern life, it has given rise to various problematic behaviors. Some of these behaviors, such as prolific use of social media, frequent email checking, excessive online gaming, online buying and gambling, and viewing pornography cause significant impairment in everyday functioning of some individuals. Different researchers studied psychological aspects like impulsive compulsive spectrum, anxiety and depression in internet addicts..
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between internet addictions and different aspects of personality in medical students..
In this cross, sectional study the purpose was to assess all 687medical students of medical faculty of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 364 students showed their contention for participating in the study by filling the consent form. Finally 278 valid questionnaires were collected. They responded to the demographic questions in the questionnaire such as age, sex, marital status, student accommodation, entrance year to university, student residence place and also internet addiction test was performed and NEO five-factor inventory short form (NEO-FFI) was filled..
55% of participants show internet addiction, with distribution of 51.4% mild, 2.9% moderate and 0.4% severe addiction. Internet addiction and personality traits of extraversion (The correlation coefficient = -0.118, P = 0.05), agreeableness (The correlation coefficient = -0.379, P = 0.001) and conscientiousness (The correlation coefficient = -0.21, P = 0.001), showed significant negative correlation, but its correlation with neuroticism (The correlation coefficient = .2, P = 0.001) was significantly positive. Internet addiction scores among students in semester five and eleven prior to the comprehensive basic science test (26.52 ± 9.8) and comprehensive pre-internship test (28.57 ± 19.2) were higher than the other academic years..
The prevalence of Internet addiction in this study was higher compared to similar studies in other fields which led to the concerns regarding the extent of the problem. More internet addiction among students in 4th and 10th semester reveals the need for being efficiently trained in order to deal with stress in critical condition and also to maintain positive academic performance. Correlation of some aspects of personality traits with internet addiction, suggested initial assessment of medical students’ personality by screening tools and identification of populations at risk. This may prove a need for favorable methods for initiation of prevention..

In the world, it is estimated that 36.9 million people are living with HIV (PLHIV). Tuberculosis (TB) remains as the leading cause of death among PLHIV. This study aimed to determine the predictors of TB among HIV positive patients..
This cross-sectional study was based on the data from 366 patients with HIV/AIDS acquired from 2010 to 2013 in Abadan and Khorramshahr cities, southwest of Iran. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients’ medical records in Abadan and Khorramshahr triangular clinics. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify TB predictors among HIV/AIDS patients..
The prevalence of TB patients was 21.9% among HIV patients. About 57.4% of the patients were below 35 years of age, and most of them (85.5%) were male. Univariate logistic regression showed a statistically significant association between the occurrence of TB and explanatory variables including sex, imprisonment history, HCV and HBV status, addiction, stage of disease, CD4 cell and TLC (Total lymphocyte count) count. In multivariate analysis, being addicted (adjusted OR = 7.03, 95% CI: 1.28, 38.66) and positive HBV (adjusted OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.53, 12.00) were associated with incidence of TB after adjusting for age, sex, phase at diagnosis, addiction and HBV status..
Addiction and HBV infection can be considered as predictors of incidence of TB in HIV/AIDS patients then early diagnosis of TB especially in higher-risk groups, such as those with addiction and HBV infection is recommended..

Screening and early genetic counseling programs for beta-thalassemia (BT) are of paramount importance during the pre-pregnancy period in high-risk individuals..
The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of motivational interviewing on couples` compliance with carriers screening for BT..
The study was performed on 80 couples with suspected blood indexes for thalassemia trait (mean corpuscular volume (MCV) In the first phase, noncompliance rates were 9.86% and 26.03% for the motivational interviewing (MI) and control groups, respectively. Preventive fraction (PF) indicated a 62% reduction in noncompliance after one month. In the second phase, five months after MI, noncompliance rates were 79.17% and 94.74% in the MI and control groups, respectively (PF=0.17)..
The MI group showed better compliance with short-term BT screening program, evidenced by higher rates of referral to the PCC..