فصلنامه فلسفه دین
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 31، تابستان 1395)

Ashari and the moste of Mutazilite blive on the people must determine Imam. Based on their interpretation of this, there is two facts: first, the legal obligation is the religious necessity, not rational necessity, and secondly it is a task people not duty to God
In this article we have tried to show the shite arguments on determine Imam is a duty to God not people. Such as: 1) The rule of Emkane -Ashraf, 2) The need to protect religin. 3) the favor Intermediate. 4) the general guidance. 5. the principle of LOtf.
Some arguments of Imam Fakhr Razi on the people must determine Imam are: 1) Introduction Imam prevented Loss. 2) determine Imam is preliminary to the absolute obligations.
In this article, Fakhr Razi is criticized and answers his bugs on Shiite arguments.

One of proofs that affirms God's existence is proof that Allameh Tabatabaee has adduced under Borhane Sedighin categoration.
This proof based upon the absolute Reality so it has named "Proof of Reality". This proof is too steady but regarding to false descriptions is confronted to many critiques. Therefore in this article we are going to analyses this proof and thereafter resolve the misgivings about it.
Borhane Sedighin, Proof of Reality, God's existence

The religious jurisprudence laws are one of the issues of religious rules and principles which can be researched from two aspects: the first aspect is that the available laws should be restudied or some new rules should be researched and the second aspect is that from the outside viewpoint the religious jurisprudence law should be researched and the philosophy of the laws should be compiled. The important problem in the second aspect is which issues should be researched from the viewpoint. In this article, with an emphasis on the religious jurisprudence and rational theology sources and the use of their methods, the researcher has primarily tried to compile a set of the important issues of the philosophy of religious jurisprudence laws and according to the domain of the article he has secondarily made an effort to investigate the issues briefly and raise his proposed hypothesis on the issues and at the same time to prove the hypotheses with considering the conditions of content of the article.

The theory of Acquisition (Kasb) was proposed by Abu al-Hasan al-Ashari and was accepted by the majority of Sunnis. In addition to the traditionary evidences, 'Ashaira scholars stated various rational evidences such as the impossibility of the combination between two causes for one effect, referring to the positivity of the attribute of omniscience and will and power, and the fallacy necessities of the opponent theory of Acquisition (Kasb). The author of this article if to explain and criticize the most important rational evidence of Ashairah and will demonstrate that not only the the rational evidences of 'Ashairah are defected, but also the theory of Acquisition (Kasb) is an irrational theory that is also in contrary with reason and conscience.

Every kind of theorization and progress modeling, wether contiousely or uncontiousely, is based on and benefited from the epistemological, cosmological, anthropological, axiological foundations. For the Iranian Islamic model of progress, however, it is compulsary to recognize and refer to its own speculative understructures and use them intentionaly and exactly to produce the best possible model of progress. Therefor, the pressent article is to study some of the most important epistemological and hermaneutical ideas of the muslim thinkers and its rule on the Iranian Islamic model of progress.

The first steps towards modernity in the West, the role of God supergood the first and then fell to the Divine watchmaker then to maintain the Mstmrkhdavnd, breach of NarsayyHay ignore the laws of nature were raised by both the theologians and the scientific point of view, was not satisfied. Creator and retired architect, reducing the efficient cause of AtmHa force and thus deny the agency for the world and the Lord of the universe, knowing that occasionally contradictory, or enough to arouse love among creatures JlvhGry role Inserts that modern human diversity was made for God. The votes in comparison to what God is said about the role of religious literature is different from the God of religion, being the owner, the efficient cause and final cause of the world. He also contrasted the world, is present in every bit of the world..

Belief in the existence of God has always been attacked by opponents. One of them is the so called evidentalism challenge. In this paper, the opinions of Allama Muhammad Hussain Tabataba, and Alvin Plantinga about the above mentioned challenge are discussed and compared. Although both believe that belief in God does’nt need to be proved and arguments just support the faith but, belonging to a tradition of reformed epistemology, Plantinga critiques the theory of traditional foundationalism and introduces “God exists” as a basic propositions for theist in specific conditions but does’nt account it in self-evident ones. On the other hand, Allama Tabatabaee that belongs to traditional foundationalism school, to prove God existence utilize a principle about which there is no uncertainty among philosophers and epistemologists: the reality and non-reality could’nt come together.so that proposition must be self-evident.

The present research is an attempt to search “the meaning of life” from Kierkegaard's point of view. Although the question of the meaning of life was not noticeably and directly the issue of debate in the Kierkegaard's era, the essence of his thoughts forms the basic structures underlying the notion of "meaning of life". As a modern theologian and an existentialist, Kierkegaard's ideas are focusing on existence. Therefore, the starting point of this study was set to understanding of human and existential features. According to Kierkegaard's various dispersing ideas, the existential features are defined as: human is a becoming existence which individuality, contradiction, suffering, love, anxiety and despair are attendant for it. Moreover, life itself is a procedure that human takes, and in existentialism it doesnt count as an abstract concept, but as an annexed reality that forms its states, thoughts and actions. Therefore, the meaning of life equivalents the meaning of the existence; and the themes of meaning of life becomes the existential features. As a result, such features and their conditional meaning in life can collectively provide the meaning of life.The quality realization of these features and thus find meaning in life together makes the meaning of life.Thus the meaning of these features have a more valuable and deserve the same respect one's life would be meaningful. Another point that according to Kierkegaard, existential features to gather it all into becoming a authentic human or "self". As a result, the meaning of life in terms of Kierkegaard, depend on realize the authentic human and this, requires the realization of existential features in their authentic and original sense.