International Archives of Health Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Jul-Sep 2016

Aims: Regular physical activity can reduce the burden of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers, and can prevent early death. This study examined the impact of performing health promotion model intervention on physical activity of the health volunteers.
This cross-sectional research is part of a three-month Intervening study started in 2015 on 80 health volunteers in Torbat-e Jaam City, Iran, which was selected by multistage random sampling method and participants were divided into two interventional and control groups. A Demographic Questionnaire and The Persian version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 using independent T, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression tests.
Findings: Before the intervention the mean of perceived benefit score was 31.3±4.5 that was evaluated as “good” but self-efficacy and behavior scores were 5.8±4.1 and 912.4±750.8 that were assessed as “poor”. Physical activity had positive correlation with perceived benefits, self-efficacy, commitment, positive, emotion and situational influences and a negative correlation with perceived barriers. Overall 66.8% of the physical activity was predicted by Pender’s Health Promotion Model variables. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of physical activity and other structures of HPM in the experimental group after the intervention and its score before intervention.
Educational program based on Pender's health promotion model is effective in improving physical activity of health volunteers.

Aims: Nurses are the greatest group of healthcare system service providers and lack of sufficient attentions to their quality of life will lead to the challenge of their service providing. The present study was designed to evaluate the quality of life in all nurses of different wards of a Hospital in Kashan City, Iran.
Instrument & This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried in all nearly 500 nurses of Shahid Besheshti Hospital of Kashan City, Iran, in 2015-2016. Sampling was done at all different wards of the hospital and 200 nurses were selected randomly. Data was collected by the standard version of Quality of Life and Short Form of Heath Survey. The collected data was entered into the SPSS 16 software and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent T test.
Findings: There were no significant differences in physical health, mental health, environmental health, social communications and the quality of life according to nurses wards but significant differences were observed between the scores according to their position and working shift. There were significant differences in the status of mental and physical health according to gender (between males and females), marital status (between singles and marrieds) and employment status.
The status of nurses’ quality of life is moderate in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan and it has relationship with work shift, position and workplace.

Aims: The chemical elements in water resources, especially groundwater, can affect the water consumption purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of the overall pollution level of ground water of Qaleeh Shahin plain with respect to heavy metals by Cd and HEI methods.
Instrument & This cross-sectional semi-experimental study was conducted in Sarpol-e Zahab township in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. For this purpose, 20 groundwater wells were chosen randomly. The samples were filtered (0.45μm), stored in polyethylene bottles and were acidified at a pH lower than 2 by adding concentrated HNO3 in order to avoid metal adsorption onto the inner bottle walls. Element concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. The correlation between the metals in the different seasons, between the indices values and concentration of metals and between different indices values was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Findings: There were no significant correlations between the concentrations of the elements in 2 seasons except between As and Cd in winter (r=0.544; p The water resources of Qaleeh Shahin plain, Kermanshah Province, Iran, are not polluted by heavy metals and are suitable for drinking.

Aims: Health, safety and environment is an integrated and convergence system and also a synergistic arrangement of human resources, facilities and equipment. This study aimed to determine the relationship of safety climate and perception of risk with the awareness level of HSE management system among oil refineries employees.
Instrument & This cross-sectional study was performed at 2016 in all Kermanshah Oil Refinery employees. “Demographic characteristic”, “safety climate”, “perception of risk” and “awareness of the HSE management system” questionnaires were used for data collection. Data was analyzed in SPSS 22 statistical software using Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests.
Findings: The average of total awareness of HSE was 20.85±4.82. The average of safety climate was 157.04±22.42. The average of perception of risk was 3.45±0.84. There was a significant relationship between awareness of HSE management system and safety climate (r=0.219; p=0.001), but there was no significant relationship between awareness of HSE management system and perception of risk (r=0.137; p=0.128). The relationship between perception of risk and safety climate was significant (r=0.651; p=0.001).
Oil refinery's employees have the moderate awareness of HSE management system, high perception of risk and positive safety climate. By increasing the perception of risk and safety climate, the safety performance of the refinery staffs increase.

Aims: Even low concentrations of phenol in industrial waste can cause many difficulties for the aquatic environment. So removal of this organic matter is an important issue. the adsorption process, is one of the most effective methods for isolation and purification of Phenols. The aim of this study was to introduce wood haloxylon as a natural and new absorbent to remove phenol from aqueous solutions.
Instrument & Experiments were carried out in laboratory scale to evaluate the effect of important variables such as initial pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), the initial concentration of phenol (100, 50 and 150mg/l), adsorbent dosage (0.5, 1 and 2g/l) and reaction time (20, 40 and 60min). The concentration of phenol was measured by the photometric method at wavelengths of 500nm.
Findings: The highest efficiency was recorded at pH=7 and at a rate of 45.2% and after it the removal efficiency dropped. The maximum adsorption of phenol happened in the first 20 minutes (35.8%) and after that, it was absorbed more slowly and took 60 minutes (45.2%) to reach the equilibrium. By increasing the concentration of phenol from 50 to 150mg/l, the removal of phenol reduced from 45.2 to 30.6% and the absorptive capacity increased of from 1.1 to 2.3mg/g. By increasing the adsorbent dosage from 0.5 to 2g/l, the removal of phenol increased from 19.1 to 45.2% and the absorptive capacity decreased from 1.9 to 1.1mg/g.
HTAC, in optimum conditions, can be used for pre-treatment of aqueous solution containing phenol.

Aims: Spices are sources of many bioactive compounds that can improve the taste of food as well as affecting the digestion and metabolism. Along with that, they may also contain some substances as heavy metals, which have harmful effects on the body. The aim of present study was to assess the potential health risk of Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn contents of cardamom, curry powder and turmeric in Hamedan City, Iran.
Instrument & 18 industrially packaged and weighted spice samples (cardamom, curry powder and turmeric) belonging to 6 famous brands were bought from different supermarkets of Hamedan City, Iran, in 2015. The human health risks posed by chronic exposure to the heavy metals were assessed by computing the average daily intake of metal. The health risk index (HRI) for the local population through the consumption of spice was assessed using DIM/RfD formula. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, DMS post-hoc, Tukey HSD and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests.
Findings: Cr was detected in spice samples in 0.08-1.67mg/kg, Cu 0.05-1.28mg/kg, Fe 1.04-6.89mg/kg and Zn 0.40-2.25mg/kg. The mean concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn were lower than MPL. The DIM values for the examined spice samples were below the recommended values.
The levels of Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn are less than the MPL in cardamom, curry powder and turmeric in Hamedan City, Iran.

Aims: The increasing usage of antibiotics can cause resistance to the treatment of infections, which can caused by bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to trace the class I, II and III integrons in isolates of P. aeruginosa of nosocomial infection and determining the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria.
Instrument & In this cross-sectional study, 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates of infected wounds, bedsores, burns, urinary tract infections and respiratory tract infections were collected from patients of 3 Isfahan City hospitals, Iran (Al Zahra, Kashani, Shariati) in 2015. After identification tests and antibiogram, integrons class I, II and III were detected by M-PCR method. Data analysis were performed in SPSS 16 software using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests and the relationship between the presence of class III, II, I was calculated by M-PCR test.
Findings: All isolates had multiple antibiotic resistances. The highest antibiotic resistance was to Tetracycline (85%) and the lowest to Norfloxacin (12.5%). There were significant differences between class I and the two other classes of integrons (p=0.036). There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of blaTEM gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with other coding genes for antibiotic resistance (p=0.029).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are multi-drug resistant and almost all isolates from clinical infections have class I, II and III Integrons.

Aims: Elderlies are one of the vulnerable groups in the society that are increasing every day. Senility is associated with disability and many chronic diseases. This study was performed to predict the self-efficacy and behavioral expectations in consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly patients with functional constipation.
Instrument & This cross-sectional study was performed in the elderly’s population who had 60 years old or higher that were members of Isfahan retirement centers in 2013. 163 elderlies were entered to the study by purposeful sampling. Data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software by one-way variance analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T test and regression.
Findings: The mean daily consumption of fruits in elderlies who suffered from functional constipation was 1.61±0.73units and the mean daily consumption of vegetables was 1.31±0.87units. There was no significant difference between the amount of consumption of fruits and vegetables between females and males. There was a significant difference between gender and behavioral expectations (p The amount of fruits and vegetables consumption among the elderlies who suffered from constipation is very low.

Aims: The reason of selecting self-immolation as a mean to commit suicide is unclear. This study was designed to compare 2 groups of people with and without intention to suicide that had self-immolated.
Instrument & All 227 self-immolated patients who had been admitted to the burn unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah City, Iran, during 2003 to 2004 participated in this cross-sectional study. All the samples and their families were interviewed and a psychiatrist completed DSM-IV symptom checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 using descriptive statistic methods, two-sample T and Chi-square tests.
Findings: 126 of the patients (55.5%) had suicidal intent and 97 (42.7%) reported prior suicidal plan. The mortality rate of the suicidal intent patients was 61.1% and non-suicidal intent patients was 36.6%. Personality disorder was the only psychiatric problem that was significantly different between two groups of patients with and without intent of suicide.
Self-immolation cannot be considered as a suicidal attempt in Kermanshah City, Iran.

Aims: Lead is emerged as one of the most hazardous elements, existing in the air and soil, which can create irreparable outcomes in the human body due to its highly severe damages. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Lead level and the respiratory diseases in Tiran & Karvan Region, Iran.
Instrument & The research methodology was analytical based on the documents and evidence, and library studies and was performed during 2011 to 2015 in Tiran & Karvan Region, Isfahan Province, Iran. The respiratory diseases statistics regarding the studied area was gathered from the information and statistics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Iran Management Center for Diseases during 2007 to 2009 documents (3215 cases). 110 soil samples and 55 water samples were collected from different positions at Summer 2011, randomly. The variation map of the respiratory diseases and lead spatial distribution for research area were drawn by Arc GIS 10.2 software.
Findings: The concentration of lead was 59.4±7.9ppm in soil and 48.2±4.1ppm in water of the region. The lead variation map showed that the soil in the eastern, northern and western areas consists of a relatively high portion of lead. Also special distribution of the respiratory diseases in Tiran & Karvan showed that the disease variation is in a cluster manner and that the disease follows a special centralization.
There is a direct relation between respiratory diseases distribution and the existence of lead in Tiran & Karvan Region, Isfahan Province, Iran.