نشریه هوزان
سال یکم شماره 5 (مهر و آبان 1395)

Fossil resource constraints¡ environmental impacts and global climate result in opportuni-ties coming to solar energy instead of fossil energy¡ especially in countries with high radiation potential. Solar energy systems are a new technology that use to heating water¡ electricity generating and cooling of residential. The study aim was to use solar heating water system to reduce air Pollutant Emission for Asfij Village¡ South Khorasan.
Asfij village with a population of 656 need 2.19×109 Btu to heat water. This required energy was supplied fossil fuels – gas at first then by solar energy after MENARID project implementation. In this study¡ the reduction of air pollutants emissions such as CO2¡ NOX and SO2 as a result of solar heating water system implementation was calculated.
The calculations showed 189206.2 kg of pollutants producing due to fossil fuels – gas heating water system that 188983kg is for CO2. Due to the geographical location of Asfij¡ the use of solar water heating efficiency of 100%¡ natural gas need for water heating deceased to zero. By using solar water heating system the air pollutant emission decreased to zero¡ too.
It can be concluded solar heating with 80% radiation turned into heat energy is efficient. Solar heating technologies transform solar radiation to provide hot water¡ so they are a great way to re-duce energy costs associated with heating water¡ as well as air pollutants emission prevention.

Selecting efficient disinfectants and use standard disinfectant methods can be effective in reducing nosocomial infections.
In this study samples were collected from different parts of social security hospitals randomly¡ bacteria causing hospital infection including Staphylococcus Aureus¡ Staphylococcus epidermidis¡ Pseudo-monas aerogenes¡ and E. coli were isolated. The effect of various parameters including minimum inhibitory concentration¡ minimum bactericidal concentration¡ and diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zone of the pit and disk was evaluated.
The results showed Sayaspt IH¡ HP¡ Astranyvs¡ and Sayaspt in terms of sensitivity to antimicro-bial agent (the diameter of inhibition zone around the disc and in the pit) were very efficient¡ respectively¡ While Percidine (1%) was relatively weak. In this study¡ Sayaspt IH and Percidine had a suitable efficiency.
In accordance with the results Sayaspt IH¡ Sayaspt HP and Astranyvs were efficient¡ while Percidine was relatively weak. Therefore¡ these compounds can be used as strong and effective disinfect-ants in hospital setting.Keywords:

The occurrence of occupational accidents is still the threatening factors of social and eco-nomic in industries and organizations. Studies show that poor safety climate increase errors and unsafe be-haviors in employees. Accordingly¡ improvement of safety climate and related factors is required. This study was conducted to identify influential factors and assessment of safety climate in one of the factories producing dairy products.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in one of the dairy companies of Golestan province in 2016. The population in this study consisted of 164 managers¡ employees and workers who were select-ed randomly. In this study¡ The Nordic safety climate assessment questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used. Pearson correlation¡ Independent t-test and ANOVA with SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis.
Two dimensions “workers’ safety priority and risk non-acceptance” and “safety communication¡ learning¡ and trust in co-workers’ safety competence” have score 2.24 and 3.33 respectively¡ in which is the lowest and highest value among safety climate dimensions. In relationship between job and individual fac-tors with safety climate dimensions¡ education level has the most significance (p-value Results showed in this company¡ safety climate status isn’t in appropriate level. It find that the dimensions associated with managing have a high impact on safety climate and measurement of the rel-evant variables can be important in proper evaluation of safety climate.

inappropriate postures, repetitive work and inappropriate conditions such as occupational risk factors that are major rule to the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. This study was designed to assess working postures in workers in a sanitary accessories manufacturing industry and to determine of prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.
This cross-sectional study were done on 52 subjects on all plant personnel to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders using Nordic questionnaire. After a thorough review of workplace and various activities filming, samples from inappropriate postures, were analyzed by using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. In order to describe and determine the relationship between the variables was used of Excel and SPSS version 20 software and chi-square test.
The results showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in both genders, is related to shoulder (39.3%), that 40.5 percent of men express pain in this area. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among female personnel was in the neck (42.1%) and wrist (42.1%) and lowest in the region of the elbow. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in a year and a total of 9 areas of the body in both genders were in the shoulders (39.3%), neck (35.7%), wrist(33.9%), and lowest were in elbow(3.6%) and hip(7.1%). 23.07% from whole working postures, will be in the 4 the priority ac-tion. Also 57% from whole working postures, will be in the 1 and 2 the priority action.
A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in persons in the employment of staff time to the time of study were in the areas of shoulder and neck. Risk of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs are foreseeable in the future and should be more ergonomic interventions to reduce inappropriate postures.