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Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences - Volume:4 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Shikha Saini* Pages 1-2
  • Leila Asadpour* Pages 3-6
    Objective
    Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiotics which targets DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and prevents bacterial DNA replication and transcription. We aimed to determine amino acid alterations in garA and parC genes in quinolone resistant Klebsiella pnemoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Rasht, Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 68 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from urinary tract infections in Rasht, Iran, Resistance of K. pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin and the MIC of ciprofloxacin were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline. Quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC were amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently sequenced. The changes in base and amino acid sequences were compared to the standard strain of K. pneumoniae in the GeneBank.
    Results
    Out of 68 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, 16 isolates (23.5%) were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin antibiotic, and 10 isolates (14.7%) had high levels of resistance. Investigation of the sequence of gyrA showed that in 7 out of 10 isolates, the mutation results in the substitution of an amino acid. Double mutation of Ser83Pheˊ糬ग़ and Ser83Pheˊ糬ଧ were the most common. In 4 out of 10 strains, the mutation in parC led to substitution of serine to isoleucine at codon 80.
    Conclusion
    Obtained results showed the high distribution of mutation hotspots in gyrA and parC in local isolates of K. pneumoniae.
    Keywords: Amino acid alterations, Fluoroquinolone resistance, gyrA, parC, Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Maryam Chenaghlou, Razieh Parizad*, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi Pages 7-12
    Objective
    Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) importance is due to some reasons, first, it is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, second it has high mortality and morbidity especially in some situations and third, prevention of this event is applicable and effective in most cases. The aim of this study was evaluation of predisposing factors of pulmonary emboli in young patients and defining preventive strategies in this age group.
    Materials And Methods
    In this retrospective study, recorded data including age, sex, presentation month, chief complaint, vital signs at admission, positive findings of physical examination, venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors, laboratory and imaging findings of patients with pulmonary embolism diagnosis who had 45 years old or less from March 2008 to March 2014 in Shahid Madani Heart hospital, Tabriz, Iran were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done via SPSS version 21.
    Results
    Eight hundred seventy patients had pulmonary emboli diagnosis during study period, 101 of them were ≤ 45 years old. Fifty-three patients were men and 48 of them were women. Mean age of patients was 33.6 years. Abnormal lower limb was the most frequent positive finding at physical examination. The important risk factor in women was hormonal change due to pregnancy or oral contraceptive pill use which was present in 50% of females. Smoking and immobilization due to surgery or trauma were the most common risk factor in men. Women had higher pulse rate (113.53± 21.84 vs 101.33 ± 20.27, P = 0.005) and lower hemoglobin (11.76 ± 2.00 vs 13.52 ± 2.21, P = 0.000) than men. The overall mortality rate was 10.8%.
    Conclusion
    Although all the risk factors of pulmonary emboli were not evaluated in our patients but the determined ones seem to be modifiable in majority of cases.
    Keywords: Pulmonary, Thromboembolism, Young adult
  • Ahmad Separham, Hassan Javadzadegan, Samad Ghaffari, Naser Aslanabadi, Bahram Sohrabi, Seyed Sajjad Mahmoudi, Morteza Gojazadeh, Elgar Anamzadeh, Reza Hajizadeh, Mohammadreza Taban Sadeghi* Pages 13-16
    Objective
    Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is an obstruction of a valve prosthesis by non-infective thrombotic material. A number of studies have reported an association between ABO blood groups and thromboembolic events. Little is known about impact of ABO groups on prosthetic valve thrombosis. Therefore, we studied the distribution of ABO blood groups in patients with PVT.
    Material and
    Methods
    This was a single center retrospective cohort of patients with PVT during ten years period in the northwest of Iran. All patients received intensified anticoagulation or thrombolysis or redo surgery according to physician decision. Then, all patients divided into two blood group: O and non-O group, and in-hospital adverse events and mortality were compared between groups.
    Results
    During 10-year period, there were 85 episodes of PVT in 80 patients. Number of patients who developed PVTaccording to ABO group were: 23 (27%) in group A, 23 (27%) in group B, 12 (14.1%) in group AB and 27 (31.7%) in group O. Overall, 58 (68.2%) patients had non-O blood group. There was no significant difference in distribution of ABO group between general cohort and patients with PVT (P = 0.81). Failed thrombolysis occurred only in group non-O patients (P = 0.0001). Also 4 (14.8%) patients in group O and 13(22.4%) in group non-O died (P = 0.4).
    Conclusion
    There was no association between ABO blood group and PVT. Complication were more in non-O blood group. Failed thrombolysis was developed only in non-O patients. Larger studies are needed to better define this issue.
    Keywords: Prosthetic valve thrombosis, ABO group, Non, O blood group
  • Haedeh Mobaiyen*, Gholamreza Dehghan, Faranak Elmi, Amir Hossein Talebpour Pages 17-22
    Objective
    The gathering of wild type Thymus kotschyanus as medicinal plant is common in Iran because of their several biological properties which caused destruction of them. The aim of this research was to compare the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of wild and cultivated type of T. kotschyanus collected from East Azarbayjan, Iran.
    Material and
    Methods
    The essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts of wild and cultivated T. kotschyanus were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antibacterial activity of (EOs) and methanol extracts were tested against bacteria by disc diffusion method and determining of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by agar dilution method and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP assays.
    Results
    Thirty-five components were identified representing more than 90% of the total oil constituents. The oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (50.2%) for wild type and oxygenated monoterpenes (63.38%) for cultivated type. The major components in the oils of the wild type were; thymol (29.96%), p-cymene (21.35%) and α-pinene (12.72%) and for the cultivated type were; thymol (47.48%) and α-pinene (5.49%). The MIC values of bacterial strains, which weresensitive to the EO of T. kotschyanus, were in the range of 2-128 μg/mL in wild type and 2-16 μg/mL in cultivated type.
    Conclusion
    Our data shows that, cultivation significantly affects the EOs’ chemical composition and antioxidant potential of T. kotschyanus. They signify a reasonable source of natural antibacterial substances that exhibited potential as a drug for use in pathogenic bacteria.
    Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Cultivation, Essential oil composition, Thymus kotschyanus
  • Mahmood Samadi, Ahmad Jameii Khosroshahi*, Ali Aghyar Macooie, Elnaz Eskandartash, Shahriar Anvari Pages 23-27
    Objective
    Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication in congenital heart diseases. To evaluate the quantity of the shunt and the systolic pulmonary pressure the serum level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    In this analytical-descriptive study, 30 infants and children with respiratory distress, recurrent pneumonias, failure to thrive and had a murmur in their physical examinations and a cardiomegaly on the chest x-ray was selected. Patients have one of ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD) or pulmonary duct artery (PDA) in echocardiography. The BNP serum level measured and compared to the quantity of the left to right shunt and systolic pulmonary pressure detected through evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by echocardiography. Velocity time integral (VTI) measured by doppler echocardiography at the pulmonary and aortic valves for VSD and ASD, mitral and tricuspid valves for PDA, the Qp/Qs ratio was detected to determine if there was any significant relationship between the former and the two latter.
    Results
    There was a significant relationship between level of pro-BNP and the quantity of the shunt in the patients with VSD, ASD and PDA (P = 0.01). A positive correlation between BNP serum level and Qp/Qs ratio in all the patients. There was significant relationship between pro-BNP level and the systolic pulmonary pressure (P
    Conclusion
    In patients whom PAH pressure cannot be measured for any reason, measure BNP serum can be useful.
    Keywords: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, B, type natriuretic peptide, Congenital heart disease, Left to right shunt
  • Farzane Gafari, Fatemeh Afshari*, Mohammad Taghizadieh Pages 28-31
    Objective
    There is growing interest in the use of progesterone receptor modulators (e.g., mifepristone) for the treatment of gynecologic and other conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antiprogesterone (RU486) on the ultrastructure of endometrial in the super ovulated mice at implantation window.
    Materials And Methods
    Adult male and female mice were used for the induction of pseudopregnancy. The mice were divided into two experimental and control groups. The Experimental group was further subdivided into two groups based on hormone injection: 1) antiprogesterone and 2) hyperstimulation antiprogesterone. The control group did not get any hyperstimulation. All groups’ uteruses were collected after 4.5 days of pregnancy and were prepared for the assessment of the histological changes with light microscopy (LM) and Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM).
    Results
    The results showed that antiprogesterone injection decreases the height of microvilli and pinopods in the apical cell in comparison to the control group. Antiprogesterone injection increases the inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of endometrium. The histomorphometrical results indicated that endometrial luminal epithelium height in the hyperstimulation antiprogesterone group was significantly different compared to the control group (P
    Conclusion
    These findings demonstrate that the use of mifepristone is associated with histological changes in the endometrium.
    Keywords: Endometrium, Antiprogesterone, Superovulation, Ultrastructure
  • Solmaz Shahverdi, Arash Khaki* Pages 32-38
    Objective
    Infectious infertility is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a main problem in sexual life and public health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant properties and the effect of Allium cepa (onion) juice on the tissue of testis and seminiferous tubules affected by Escherichia coli.
    Materials And Methods
    Thirty-Two adult Wistar male rats aging 2.5 to 3 months divided to four groups of 8 rats. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (serotype 0114) used to infect the rats. Onions prepared from the district Ilkhichi, Iran which were used for two groups. Following the infection, pathologic samples were prepared from the tissue of the sperms which were investigated through hematoxylin & eosin (H & E) staining. In addition, the motility, vitality, the number of sperms, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were evaluated as well.
    Results
    Results indicated that in the control group all the seminiferous tubules are sticking together and all the lines of sexual germ cells observed;while, in E. coli group were disunited and the line of sexual cells were destroyed. In the groups infected by E. coli and treated by A. cepa juice, the effects of bacteria reduced considerably. The number of sperms, sperms vitality and motility decreased significantly in E. coli infected group, while in the A. cepa juice E.coli the effects of infectious was reduced. The results of the study showed that A. cepa juice significantly increases TAC and testosterone.
    Conclusion
    The results indicated A. cepa juice has protective effects against E .coli bacteria and fertility, testis tissue and antioxidants improvement and the effects of the bacteria decreased significantly
    Keywords: Antioxidant, Allium cepa, E. coli bacteria, Onion juice, Infertility, Testis tissue???