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Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology - Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2016

Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour, Mohsen Shahi, Azin Mirzadeh, Sayed Amir Hossien Gandjalikhan, Nassab Pages 120-128
    Background And Aim
    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause a hazardous disease and has severe fatal consequences. The problem of dental treatment in affected patients has still remained a big debate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of post-graduate dentistry students regarding treatment and education of HIV-positive patients.
    Methods
    This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on the post-graduate students of dentistry in Iran. Samples were collected using consensus method. A valid questionnaire comprising three parts was designed according to previous studies. The questionnaire comprised of a demographic part, general questions and questions regarding knowledge and attitude of the subjects. Answers were collected and Student’s t-test and Fischer’s exact test was used to analyze the data.
    Results
    A total of 380 subjects took part in this study (164 male, 216 female). There were 92 HIV-positive patients. The average score of knowledge was 14.5 ± 2.8 (range = 0-24). The average score of knowledge in male and female participants was 14.5 ± 2.8 and 14.6 ± 2.7 respectively (range = 0-65). There was no significant relationship between knowledge and gender (P = 0.70). The average score of attitude was 44.8 ± 5.25 and male residents had a positive attitude in comparison to female residents. Male participants had a significantly more negative attitude toward high risk and HIV-positive patients compared to female residents (P = 0.04).
    Conclusion
    The results of this study showed that post-graduate students had a positive attitude toward treatment of HIV-positive patients. Also, this study showed that post-graduate students had a good knowledge about the HIV-positive patients. This study shows that post-graduate students of dentistry were eager to learn more about the treatment of HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study also add new concepts to the oral hygiene maintenance of HIV-positive patients and decision making for them.
    Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Dentistry, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Fatemeh Jahanimoghadam, Hoda Shamsaddin Pages 129-133
    Background And Aim
    Gingivitis is a reversible inflammation of gingival tissue. The prevalence of gingivitis is different in various communities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gingivitis among 6-year-old (± 3 months) children of Rayen, Kerman, Iran.
    Methods
    In this cross sectional study, 279 children (129 boys and 150 girls) from all Rayen’s nursery schools and primary schools were selected. Data collected through clinical examination with the consent of parents and teachers. Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) was measured by using light and dental probe pressure.
    Results
    The prevalence of gingivitis was 37.8. There was statistically significant association between gender and gingivitis. Mouth breathing and toothbrush frequency were factors associated with gingivitis.
    Conclusion
    This study showed relatively similar prevalence of gingivitis compared to other studies. The prevalence of gingivitis was more in boys than girls. Health educators and parents should have a more active role in children’s oral health education.
    Keywords: Gingivitis, Prevalence, Mouth Breathing, Children, Gender
  • Faezeh Hamzeh, Raha Habib, Agahi, Nader Navabi, Shiva Pouradeli Pages 134-140
    Background And Aim
    Laminate veneer restorations exhibit excellent ability to reproduce the natural teeth regarding esthetic and biomechanics. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of laminate veneers on oral
    health-related quality of life (OHQoL).
    Methods
    In this case series study, the impact of treatment on OHQol was measured using the standard questionnaire OHIP-14. This tool was applied to 19 patients who visited the private office of restorative and cosmetic specialist before and six months after treatment.
    Results
    The maximum score recorded by Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was 34 before treatment, with 31 after treatment. The average score decreased from 13.1 ± 9.44 (before treatment) to 12 ± 10.6 (after treatment). Comparison of the frequencies of patient’s responses to OHQoL suggested that changes in OHQoL for question number 4 (uncomfortable to eat food) and question number 9 (difficult to relax) were significant, respectively (P = 0.03, P = 0.02) and for question number 10 (feeling embarrassed) were nearly significant (P = 0.07). Nineteen subjects in this study exhibited improvement in OHQoL.
    Conclusion
    Esthetic dental treatment using laminate veneers would significantly affect OHQoL enhancement in some aspects.
    Keywords: Oral Health, Quality of Life, Cosmetic Dentistry, Laminate Veneer
  • Nouzar Nakhaee, Nader Navabi, Azadeh Rohani Pages 141-147
    Background And Aim
    Development of patient-based outcome measures has enhanced our ability to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Present study aimed to compare the performance of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) as two methods of assessment of oral health-related quality of life.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional survey, a sample of 400 healthy participants which were 18-65 years old was recruited in Kerman School of Dentistry, Iran. Main measurement tools were the validated Persian version of GOHAI and OHIP-14 questionnaires. Data were collected by means of personal interview. Internal consistency and discriminant validity were carried out to compare the two measures.
    Results
    The internal consistencies of both tools were acceptable and Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the scores was 0.739. Both measures discriminated between dentate subjects over and under 25 natural teeth and wearing removable dentures or not, both also showed significant associations with dental attendance, self-rated oral health and satisfaction with oral health status.
    Conclusion
    Both GOHAI and OHIP-14 are appropriate instruments with equal power for survey of OHRQoL on under-elderly population.
    Keywords: Oral Health, Quality of Life, Oral Health, Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), Oral Health Impact Profile, 14 (OHIP, 14), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI)
  • Javad Faryabi, Ahmad Enhesari, Pouyan Sigari, Shiva Pouradeli Pages 148-153
    Background And Aim
    Nasal fracture is one of the most common facial fractures and the main goal of this study was evaluation of closed reduction surgery of nasal bone fractures.
    Methods
    Thirty six patients including 24 male and 12 female patients suffered from nasal bone fractures were treated by closed reduction method. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic scans were analyzed by an expert panel. Statistical methods including chi-square, Fisher's exact test and regression were used to evaluate the relationship between age, sex and type of trauma and to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction technique.
    Results
    Type of trauma, age and sex had not any effect on closed reduction efficacy. We had 36.1% complete success rate (nearly complete anatomic reduction), 36.1% favorable success rate (acceptable non-anatomic reduction) and 27.8% absolute failure (no acceptable reduction) after treatment of nasal bone fractures by closed reduction method.
    Conclusion
    Closed nasal reduction is the most commonly used technique for a fractured nose, but it has high degree of failure of treatment, so when choosing the closed reduction method for treatment of nasal bone fractures, appropriate radiography must be taken for meticulous evaluation to reducing the complications.
    Keywords: Nasal Fracture, Trauma, Treatment, Bone
  • Roya Naseh, Parviz Padisar, Habibollah Shojaei, Nejad, Marzieh Morsaghian Pages 154-160
    Background And Aim
    Clinical indices that determine the need for orthodontic treatment do not provide information about the impact of malocclusion on the quality of life. The present study was carried out to assess the correlation between the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) in determining the need for orthodontic treatment.
    Methods
    In 2015, 250 students between 11 to 14 years were randomly selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling and the total CPQ11-14 score was calculated. In addition, the self-perceived and normative needs were determined based on aesthetic component.
    Results
    A significant correlation existed only between the self-perceived needs and the score of functional limitations. In other domains, no significant correlation was seen between the self-perceived or normative need and CPQ11-14 scores. Girls had a higher score for mental well-being and total CPQ11-14 score than boys.
    Conclusion
    The weak correlation between the total CPQ11-14 score and aesthetic component indicates that these indices have measured different characteristics. It seems that using the criteria of the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in assessing the self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment, along with the normative needs, may provide an accurate estimate of the need for orthodontic treatment.
    Keywords: Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Oral Health, Quality of Life
  • Raziehsadat Rezvaninejad, Arash Shahravan Pages 161-165
    Background And Aim
    Endodontists have the opportunity to apply relevant research findings to care their patients using the principles and methods of evidence-based treatment. The best level of evidence can be used to inform decisions regarding care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of evidence and study the design of all the articles published in Iranian Endodontic Journal in years 2007, 2012 and 2013.
    Methods
    We reviewed all articles published in 2007, 2012 and 2013 in the Iranian Endodontic Journal. These articles were classified according to the level of evidence (LOE) using Oxford Scale from 0 to 5 and type of the study. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Significant level was set at 0.05.
    Results
    Frequency of articles with LOE was 117, that 5 papers were level 1 (4.2%), 1 level 2 (0.9%), 10 level 3 (8.5%), 1 level 4 (0.9%), and 3 level 5 (2.5%); 97 articles (83.0%) were identified as LOE 0 or non-evidence. Comparison of the LOE of Iranian endodontic journal in 3 years did not reveal statistically significant differences between the published articles (P = 0.14).
    Conclusion
    It appears that few high level of evidence-based articles have been achieved in 3 years related to endodontic subjects. Hence, journals, authors, and editors should all cooperate to achieve high-LOE articles.
    Keywords: Clinical Trials, Dentistry, Endodontic, Evidence, Based, Journal Article
  • Neda Kargahi, Mahsa Kalantari, Molook Torabi, Parizi, Parisa Kalantari Pages 166-170
    Background And Aim
    Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare, mixed odontogenic tumor that usually occurs in children and young adults with no gender predominance. Posterior mandibular region is usually involved and a painless swelling is the most common clinical feature.
    CASE REPORT: We here report a case of AFO in a 12-year-old girl with a complaint of a painful expansive lesion in the right posterior mandible. Radiographic examination showed a well-defined radiolucency containing radiopaque materials. The second molar was displaced by the lesion. Enucleation was conducted and no recurrence was observed after 4 years of follow-up.
    Conclusion
    AFO is a benign expansive jaw lesion which develops in children. To treat AFO, proper surgical excision and curettage should be performed.
    Keywords: Ameloblastic Fibro, Odontoma, Odontogenic Tumors, Neoplasm