مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 8، بهار 1395)

Brain imaging studies have shown reduced activity in the frontal lobe in OCD patients. The aim of this study is compare functions of dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in OCD patients, obsessive beliefs group, and healthy group.
21 college student with OCD, 21 college student with obsessive beliefs, and 22 normal college student were chosen by Madzeli obsessive- compulsive questionnaire, and OBQ-44 test. WCST and CPT tasks was performed on all subjects in 3 groups.
The data analysis showed that there were significant differences between OCD group, obsessive beliefs group, and healthy group in CPT variables(omission and commission error). There were not significant differences between OCD group, Obsessive Beliefs group, and healthy group in WCST variable(perseveration error).
Obsessive-compulsive patients show deficits in orbitofrontal function, while this deficits have not seen in Obsessive Beliefs group and healthy group.

Given that drug treatment for depression, anxiety and stress. So just sign axis of schema therapy and group cognitive therapy to reduce depression, anxiety and perceived stress women with high-risk behavior patrons use was.
This quasi-experimental study with single-stage cluster sampling method. The population of 500 individuals attending women with a history of sexual risk behavior for HIV testing that went to the center of the age range 20 to 60 years and have a diploma to high levels by psychology and medicine diagnostic interview, the use of formula sample of 250 randomly selected and depression, anxiety, stress (DASS, Lovibond, P.F. Lovibond, 1995) was conducted.
85 clients of depression, anxiety, stress were detected, of which 45 people were selected randomly in three groups of 15 people, including two experimental groups and one control group underwent 12 sessions of cognitive therapy and 12 sessions schema therapy was conducted at the time of each session was 90 minutes. At the end of the training period, all groups are re-test
Findings: The results of analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting for pretest scores between the three groups in mean scores were statistically significant F (1,39) = 54/125 p The results showed that schema therapy than in cognitive therapy on depression, anxiety and perceived stress female clients with high-risk behavior is more effective

Due to the complex nature and varied symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder¡ different treatments can be used. The aim of present study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing the symptoms of washing compulsions¡ anxiety and depression.
To do so¡ 6 women with OCD (pure washing)¡ were selected based on the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID)¡ and were assigned randomly to CBT or MCT group. In each group¡ patients received the relevant therapies in 12 one-hour sessions. Research tools included Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)¡ Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)¡ and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) that were completed by patients in pretest¡ posttest¡ follow up 1 and follow up 2. Finally¡ data was analyzed both individually and in group. In individual analysis¡ we used diagrams¡ visual analysis and calculating the effect size¡ while in group analysis¡ the analysis of variance with one between group factor (two group of therapies) and one within group factor (time of tests) was used.
The results indicated that CBT was more effective than MCT in reducing washing compulsions symptoms. However¡ MCT was more effective than CBT in reducing anxiety and depression.
Considering these results¡ it can be suggested that MCT is more appropriate that the CBT for refractory patients. However¡ definitive conclusion about the efficacy of these therapies requires more studies.

The slower response time to the cued than uncued target refers to inhibition of return. It has been always questioned which process is inhibited by the inhibition of return. This study sought to answer this question by using the psychology refractory period paradigm. A visual cue was presented at the cued or uncued location first, which was followed by an auditory and a visual target. Results demonstrated no significant different between the reaction time to the cued that uncued target in short time intervals. But, a significant difference was observed between the response time to the cued than uncued target when time interval was long. Finding suggest that the inhibitory effect might affect the sensory/perceptual stages of processing while eyes are fixated, and the inhibitory effect can be absorbed into the cognitive slack.

Previous studies conducted on attachment theory reflect the importance of attachment in different aspects of life. Based on this theory, attachment affects the quality of life and individual differences in methods of coping with stress. Given the importance ofthis issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and methods of coping with stress.
The sample consisted of 400 students at the University of Kashan in 2014-2015 academic year. In the first stage, cluster sampling and then stratified sampling was used for participant selection for the study. Hazan and Shaver”s (1987) attachment styles questionnaire and coping styles scale by Endler and Parker (1990) were used for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive methods, correlation, regression analysis and analysis of variance were used.
Results showed links between insecure and secure attachment styles on the one hand and problem-solving approaches to coping style on the other. In examining relationships between attachment styles, a significant difference in the results was found for insecure attachment. The use of different coping styles was found to be gender independent.
People with secure attachment style use problem-solving approaches to coping style. Based on the results, the formation and strengthening of attachment during growth and development affects adulthood and should be emphasized. Therefore, the creation of secure attachment for students, followed by the correct use of the stress coping styles can dramatically increase success among students in the country.

Marriage is one of the five important phenomena in life that can be programmed after education and employed. The aime of this study was to standardization of the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis for Iranian couples, determination of reliability and validity as well as providing quantitative and qualitative norms. The statistical sample includes candidates, the threshold marriages and couples who are living together under three years, respectively. The statistical sample consisted of 420 couples that among couples who were eligible for this study were selected randomly. The research tool was Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis which contains9 subscales of Nervous/ Composed (A), Depressive/Light-Hearted (B), Active-Social/Quiet (C), Expressive-Responsive/ Inhibited(D),Sympathetic/ Indifferent (E), Subjective/ Objective (F), Dominant/ Submissive (G), Hostile/Tolerant (H) and Self- Disciplined/ Impulsive (I). -. To validate the test, confirmatory factor analysis method and to determine the simultaneous validity the Pearson correlation were used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test's split-half with Spearman-Brown correction were used for validation. The results showed that Taylor-Johnson scale for Iranian couples and families has high correlation with Enrich marital satisfaction scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.92 and test's split-half validity coefficient has been determined as 0.75 which is significant. Also in order to determine the quantitative norm, the overall average and standard deviation have been achieved by 256.56 and 50.192 respectively. To determine the qualitative norm for Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis, the cutoff points (interquartile deviation) is used and the quantitative norm has been determined too. The results of factor analysis revealed that this scale has good reliability and validity in Iranian couples population and 9 subscales it were confirmed. From these findings we can conclude that the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis is a valid tool for premarital counseling.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of training orienteering skills and basic movement on orienteering skills and advanced motion of male individuals with visual impairment in 2012- 2013 academic year. This study employed a quasi-experimental, single group pretest-posttest design. The study population consists of all male students 5 to 14 years who were blind and visually impaired in Tehran in the academic year 2012- 2013. The total number of accessible population were 80 subjects who were from preschool and elementary and junior high schools in Tehran (the complex for blinds martyr mohebi , KhazaeliSchool ) and all blind students studying in schools in 22 districts of Tehran were selected. In this study Lincoln Oseretsky's questionnaire was used. Students were trained in 12 sessions. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in sub variables of static balance (0.01> P, 7.25 = F), fine motor (0.01> P, 14.56 = F), gross motor (0.01> P, 11.85 = F), coordination of both hands (0.01> P, 8.45 = F), coordination of hands and feet (0.01> P, 22.42 = F) and motor skills (0.01> P, 8.99 = F) was statistically significant . But for variables of Eye hand coordination (0.05> P, 1.20 = F) and speed of movement (0.05> P, 1.20 = F) there is no significant difference. Thus, based on the findings obtained from this study is worthy That paying particular attention to the more the capabilities of blind children in various fields, in particular motor skills and it is generally the basis of age, . Because increase the autonomy of these people and the level of public health.