فصلنامه مطالعات میان فرهنگی
پیاپی 27 (زمستان 1394)

Panegyric poem is one of the most commonkinds of poems in Persian literature. It goes back to one thousand years ago. The panegyric poets in comparison with their predecessor have done many changes in form and content both. We witness a link between Panegyric poem and Iranian Myths. As an example the term of Shah (king) in combinations:“Shah-e- Mardan Ali”, Shah-e- Vellayat, Shah-e- Najaf or the prefix of Mehr (kindness) like Mehr Ali. The combinations that have been coined through history.Regarding Iranians tendency to their myths and also their respect to religious leaders, they gradually combine their myths to their religious characters. The word such as sun and its cognates are used as an epithet to respectable characters specially Imam Ali(as). Actually the myths have been saved historically in the unconscious part of nation’s mind. Illustrating of this issue is the main aim of authors here. These changes have been done in differnet aspects including myths and because of its mysterious function reveal as a cultural phenomenon.

Political and cultural aspects of international science and technology collaboration may be understood through exploring the concept of ‘science diplomacy’. Regardless of the mainstream conceptions of this term, it can be viewed from the perspective of dominance and resistance. From such a perspective, science diplomacy refers to attempts at exploiting scientific involvements to influence countries which deny other types of influence, on the one hand, and awareness of such attempts and resistance against them, on the other. The present study investigates aspects of such a conception of science diplomacy in national science and technology policy documents of different countries. The bulk of data in this research comprises the full text of macro science and technology plans of 34 countries in five continents. The qualitative content analysis of these documents reveals seven major themes: vague and wordy goal setting; over-focusing on science and technology import; purposeful priority setting in selecting collaborators; consideration of legal and organizational structures; cultural and political aims beyond mere science; inviting fellow national experts residing abroad; leadership in international science and technology trends; and independent priority setting in determining focal scientific areas. Awareness and consideration of these issues can bear significant messages for science and technology decision makers and administrators and may provide insights on the strengths and weaknesses of current national policies in this regard, especially in the context of growing international interactions.

One of the most important mechanisms and tools for attaining the goals of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iranian which are based on fostering the Iranian-Islamic culture is to develop and pursue an effective cultural diplomacy. This is of critical importance in Sudan as one of the countries with the most permissive attitudes towards the Sufi movements. Despite the presence of two intellectual-cultural movements, Sufism and Shiasm in Sudan, currently the active presence of Wahhabi currents poses a serious threat to these two movements. It seems that pathology of the cultural diplomacy of Iran in Sudan could pave the way for development of cultural relations and countering the threats to the relationship between Iran and the Sudan.
In order to identify the opportunities and weaknesses of cultural diplomacy of Iran at Sudan, this study seeks to explain the cultural and religious movementsin this country. The main objective of this study is to answer the fundamental question of "what religious and cultural currents exist in Sudan?" The hypothesis of this paper is that three important cultural-religious movements are found in Sudan: Sufism, Shiasm, and Wahhabism. In this paper, descriptive-analytical method and library research were used to answer the main research question.

One of the most important beliefs in the past was the home’s privacy and especially women hijab; that consider in the most private buildings such as homes. Entrance has been one of the most important parts of the house that considers the privacy of homes, hierarchy of entry was being done through a “Hashti” (vestibule), “Dallan” (hall), yard and “miandar” to the rooms that was the most private parts of the home.
In this article Interpretive- historical method is the main method for research. Therefore, using library research tools, privacy problem studied in Entrance architecture of Iranian traditional houses. The field studies have been done on ten Iranian historical housesto retaining the entrance space privacy in entrance designing. finally five samples have been introduced as evidence in article. The results of this study shows that significant changes had happened in the entering to house that the most important features of them are; Removing some elements of confidentiality in entrance.
Placement and construction of houses in the main street, which was not existed before the Qajar.

Changing in international relations content¡ new perspectives and availability of information technologydue to globalization is reason of the importance of ethnicity and religious-ethnic minorities during this time especially in politics. Under the influence of changing in the approaches and factors in international relations¡ diplomacy is also not far from these developments and changing. The important things about this matter are two issues; first¡perception of the security issues in the Middle East that is under the influence of ethnic diversity and second¡ the need for a new approach to content and tools in the diplomatic process. For these two issues¡ choosing a diplomatic approach by ethnic and cultural homogeneity is required¡ the thing that constructivism school has especial ability to analyze and explain. Because according to this theory what people want is “who has relation whit them and how much is rate of affiliation and similarities identity whit them and their ethnic”. So choosing a person with the same ethnic and religious identities in today's Middle East for an efficient diplomacy is necessary and effective. This manner helps some country like Iran who has Strong historical identity¡ in foreign affair and national solidarity. In brief¡ taking into account today's realities of globalization ¡ethnic and cultural identity and internal conditions¡ choosing new approach for greater participation of ethnic groups in foreign policy and diplomacy seems to be necessary and useful.

The present research deals with critical discourse analysis of "American English File" book. The purpose of this study was to examine discoursal factors, ideological and cultural attitudes and the way of their representations in the mentioned book. For this purpose, it has selected two texts of the book and some pictures. Discursive structures of these two texts have been investigated according to van Dijk (1998) framework. Also Kress and van leeuwen (1996) theory is used for analyzing of pictures. The results show that the book is full of discoursal factors such as lexical items, syntactic, semantic and functional structures as well as social components such as situational context, participants, social structures, power and the cognitive components of mental and context models, values, attitude systems and socio – cultural knowledge.
The authors have arranged the discourse of this book by these discursive, social and cognitive components in the form of discursive structures in such a way that contains their purposes and ideologies such as description and study of social issues in western societies. It also represents national Knowledge and cultural Knowledge with representation of capitalist system and racism attitude. As a whole, the soft transition of West social and cultural values in this book has been represented.