فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، پاییز 1395)

Kinetic properties of root of peroxidase of Gundelia tournefortii investigated at different pH, temperature and different inhibitors. Maximum activity of peroxidase achieved at pH 5.5-6 in according to type of substrate. Activity of peroxidase increased at constant concentration of H2O2 and different concentration of guaiacol, catechol and pyrogallol. The maximum activity in presence of 22mM of guaiacol was earned 2.4 Unit/mg.protein. At constant concentration of guaiacol and different concentration of H2O2, Vmax and Km were 2 Unit/mg.protein and 4 mM respectively. Activity decreased at high concentration of H2O2 so reached to 35% of Vmax at 40 mM. Catalytic efficiency of peroxidase in presence of constant concentrations of guaiacol and H2O2 calculated 0.5 and 0.5 Unit/mg protein mM-1 respectively. Stability of enzyme and maximum of activity was earned at 40 0C. Sodium cyanid and sodium azide showed inhibitory effect on activity with IC50 of 0.008 and 0.4 mM respectively. These results of inhibitors showed that inhibitory effect of Azid is 312 times of inhibitory effect of cyanide. Cyanid is competitive inhibitor of peroxidase in presence of catechol and pyrogallol and noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme in presence of guaiacol, and Azide is noncompetitive inhibitor of peroxidase of root in gundelia tournefortii in presence of catechol and pyrogallol and uncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme in presence of guaiacol and kojic acid is uncompetitive inhibitor of peroxidase in presence of guaiacol and pyrogallol.

Heavy metals are the most important components of environment pollution. Soil contaminated by industrial and mining activities of these elements into the soil-plant-human cycle and accumulate in the human or animal body tissue to reach the levels of toxic for animals and humans. For this purpose, a broad sampling of soil, plant and sheep
liver were taken and the amount of Pb were tested .Pb concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that the average concentration of heavy metals in soil, plants and sheep mining area is significantly higher than the control.Average Pb levels in the liver of sheep mine 4.5 μg/g is a threat to human
health as the main consumer. Finally recommend taken sampling of water, soil, plant and animal tissue to control metal pollution develop speed in the environment and occurs necessary provisions.

In this study cartilage tissue of vertebral column and dorsal fin of 40 days, 70 days, one and 4 years old of Persian sturgeon after preparation were fixed in buen fixative. Then rutin procedure of histologicql examination done and paraffin blocks cut at 6 microne and then stained with H&E, Safranin-O and Verhoff staining. In photomicrographs were compared cell structure and compounds of substance grounds in cartilage tissues. It showed that perichondrium layer of dorsal fin was more advanced from perichondrium layer of vertebral column and their mixture were different. Microscopic masurement of two cartilage tissue showed the cells of dorsal fin were larger than the cells of vertebral column but in cells number, decrised with physiological maturation. Comparative study of volume of extracellular matrix and number of isogenous groups by SPSS software showed that growth of cartilage tissue of vertebral column was interstitial but in dorsal fin was appositional.

The various stages of embryonic growth pharaoh´s cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) reside in Oman until hatching was studied. Gregor tours and the eggs collected for further study of the propagation of Education, Research Center of the Earth - Chabahar Moved .once every 24 hours to get detailed information was sampling of from fertilized eggs. Egg size of 11±4 mm were selected because of the large size of cuttlefish eggs during incubation stages of embryonic development within the capsule is visible. The studies showed that the water temperature of 20±2°C hatching takes about 20±10 days. In this study results showed that the first cleavage was performed on the first day and the 15th day after the yolk sac has started to decrease. Tentacle is visible on day 14. Cuttlefish in all developmental stages of the embryonic development of a model to follow, but the temperature plays an important role in hatching time.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition producing great personal and societal costs and for which there is no effective treatment. Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy, though much preclinical and clinical research work remains. Here, we briefly describe SCI epidemiology, pathophysiology, and transplantation trial in human developments, including termination of the first human embryonic stem cell experimental and clinical stem cell strategies. Research in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming is rapidly advancing, with the hope of moving stem cell therapy closer to helping people with SCI. We examine issue important for clinical translation and provide a commentary on recent SCI.

Squamata or scaled Reptiles are the largest order of new Reptiles including Lizards, Snakes and Amphisbaenia. They have formed 95 precent of new Reptiles. Our goal is Lizard Biodiversity of Torbat-e Heydaryeh in Razavi Khorasan Province. The study of Lizards Biodiversity of Torbat-e Heydaryeh in Razavi Khorasan Province was carried out in 2012 until 2013. In this research 132 specimens were collected and observed and identified on the basis of morphological, morphometric and meristic characters. The collected and observated Lizards belonging to 5 families: Agamidae, Lacertidae, Scincidae, Gekkonidae and Varanidae including 8 genera and 12 species. Results showed that Agamidae and Lacertidae families have the most frequency. The Agamidae family has the most genera and Lacertidae family has the most species. laudakia caucasia, laudakia microlepis, Trapelus sanguinolentus and Mesalina watsonana were the dominant species in this region and had a wider distribution rang in coparision with other species.

In this study were reviewed some biological characteristics including sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, fecundity and egg diameter Carassius gibelio in the study area from February to September 2015. During the study, 222 specimens from Boostan dam and 238 specimens from Alakoli Reservoir were sampled using small beach seine. The maximum total length and weight of Boostan dam for females and males respectively 206 mm, 141.12 gr and 126 mm, 33.90 gr and in the Alakoli Reservoir for females respectively 196 mm, 114.65 gr and for males was 190 mm, 98/64 gr. The sex ratio of fish caught from Boostan dam to 1:7.88 and the sex ratio of fish caught from the Alakoli Reservoir was 1: 10/90. The highest average gonadosomatic index (GSI) in Boostan dam for female in April (10.27±4.40) and the male (3.56±1.21) in March were observed, This factore in the Alakoli Reservoir area for female (11.73±2.99 ) and male(3.22±0.85) were observed on March and May. The Minimum, maximum and mean absolute fecundity in Boostan dam with 532/08 respectively, 82039/36 and 13119/44 and in the Alakoli pools area 1503/75, 120786/00 and 23174/60 and The minimum, maximum and average were Relative fecundity (eggs per kg body weight) respectively in Boostan dam with 37/54, 4344/34 and 593/10 and in the Alakoli reservoir respectively was 92/97, 23377/20 and 1987/60. The Eggs diameter of 0.11 to 1.00 mm and the average of 0.56 mm in Boostan dam lake area was variable. While this indicator of 0.11 to 1.07 and the average of 0.54 mm in Alakoli Reservoir area was variable.

The present work aims to determine fauna and abundance of hermit crabs in the southern Qeshm Island. For these aims, after preview of coastal zone, eight stations were selected in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Sampling in these stations was conducted during the Dec. 2013. Totally, 605 specimens of hermit crabs were studied and calculated. For identification and accurate laboratory analysis, some of these specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol and transported to the laboratory. Base on valid identification keys, eight hermit crab species Clibanarius signatus, Clibanarius virescens, Diogenes avarus, Diogenes planimanus, Dardanus tinctor, Areopaguristes perspicax, Pagurus kulkarnii and Coenobita scaevola from six geneses and three families were identified in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Also, Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843), was reported in the Persian Gulf for the first time. All identified species were compared with the metatypical hermit crab samples in the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran and the species were verified. Compare the identified species in this study with the other studies showed that identified species in this study are so the same as the Oman Sea and north coast of Arabian Sea species. In addition, Station five (Mangrove Forest) had the highest rate of abundance of hermit crabs.

This study was carried out on 194 fish (Garra rufa) during January to March 2014 at eight stations in Dinawar River located in Kermanshah Province, Iran. During this study, 34 morphometric characteristics and 11 meristic traits were measured. Geometric parameters, mortality rate, total amount (0.346), infinite length (L∞=124.57 mm), growth factor (K=0.29), the length and weight and also the exponential function of growth were calculated. The lengthweight relationship was calculated for each season separately, which indicates isometric growth during summer and autumn and also allometric growth during the winter and spring. The length-weight relationship for the whole year was calculated as W= 1/000095L2/97. Male to female sex ratio of 1: 1.44 were calculated for faster growth in males and natural selection is directed towards the elimination of larger samples. Results indicate that the Dinawar River is a proper habitat for spawning and nursery of brood fish. The data was confirmed by the separating of populations between the stations and it seems that fish populations in stations are Panmictic. However, these results need to be verified by further studies on genetic, physiological and osteological characteristics in the populations.

In this study, big-head carp flesh was processed and fish finger was produced by the formula of 1, 2 and 3 with 70, 80 and 93.5 percent of big head fish flesh respectively. Then sensory attributes, biochemical changes and nutritional value such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and the total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N) changes and microbial load of all three formulas were compared with together. According to sensory data, the formula 1 was chosen as the selected product. Quality changes were studied for evaluators’ selected formula during storage at 18˚C on the days 0, 30, 60, and 90. The results showed that fish finger prepared with formula 1, had more acceptable scores than two other formulas. The results indicated that the minimum and maximum amounts of protein belonged to the formulas 1 and 2, respectively. The amount of protein, lipid, carbohydrate and calcium of the selected product decreased during the storage and the moisture had an increasing manner. The results of the study on the changes of PV, TBA and TVB-N showed that the minimum and maximum of PV belonged to formula 3 and formula 1, and the minimum and maximum of peroxide were observed on days 30 and 60 of storage, respectively. Microbial count showed that according to increasing storage time, total count was decreased. According to the results, maximum of shelf life for the samples stored at 18˚C was 90 days.