فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1395)

improving the quality of urbanization, reorganizing of urban land use is very important. Therefore, The aim of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of land use in Ahvaz by using comparative analytical method which is based on experimental methods. Method of data collection is document study and field study. In order to assess land use, using a comparative analysis method, eight regions with a total amount of urban land in Ahvaz, Iran and the world is compared. using LQi model the research investigated spatial differences in land use between the areas of Ahvaz city. The results show that the distribution and the scattering of land use in the regions of ahvaz is unbalanced. And the amount of land capitation in the areas of Ahvaz very difference with country and the world. In this study it was found that the per capita industrial , wasteland and dilapidated buildings in the city is more than average and per capita for park and green space and recreational tourism and sports are very low. In all eight area of Ahvaz city per capita of road is desirable and higher than the national average. Finally, some recommendations for improving the effectiveness of land uses and remove polluting industries factories in the city are presented by a more balancede distribution of green space in the between area.

The urban public space is of the most important elements in spatial construction of a city and is a ground for various cultural, economic, social and religious activities. The public space in a city, as the historical center, retells its story. The Urban planning and actions in the past have negligently provided the scene for diminishing these values and destructing the history. And by doing so, they have caused the square to lose its original meaning and assume a minor role. As a matter of fact, by the rise of modernity and, as its consequence, mechanism , through undermining the foundations of social life, the presence of pedestrians faded in the urban spaces and a background was provided for the increased presence of cars, in the squares, especially, those squares that were a place for gathering people in the past (urban identity). Therefore, major urban nodes were created in the form of junctions, while sacrificing squares for such changes. This study adopted a descriptive- analytical approach based on the definition and the concepts of square with emphasis on the Iranian patterns, recognition of the nature of squares, the necessity of detection and recognition of the missing spaces, the factors affecting changes in the squares in the current situation,, and the expectations about the case square. The main objective in this study was using the principles for improving the space of Ali-Qapu square. Data collection was done by library method (Documentary), field observations, and using questionnaires with a sample size of 50 people who were chosen randomly. Subsequently, Swot table was employed to analyze the variables under study and make conclusion about the current and past states of Ali-Qapu. Then, the final coefficient was obtained from the questionnaire items which were rated based on the Likert's scale. According to the results, the strategies applied to Ali-Qapu Square approached the aggressive strategies. Thereupon, it is suggested that the authorities, by employing the suggested strategies, take advantage of the strengths and opportunities and overcome the weaknesses, so that a sustainable and creative space may be accomplished.

For many people, birds and nature have intrinsic value. Birds have been important for humans throughout history and often it have been used in valuable cultural symbols such as peace, freedom and loyalty. In addition to the pleasure that they can bring to people, weve belonged them in the environmental crisis. Birds can help us by consuming vast quantities of insects, and rodent population control, reducing damage to crops and forests, and limiting the transmission of diseases such as West Nile virus, dengue fever and malaria. Birds play a vital role in the pollination of plants and habitat restoration and disperse the seeds. Furthermore, the birds are also used for purposes such as tourist attraction that can be applied as a tool for economic investment benefit as well as maintaining the diversity of species. You also can use them to treat patients and elderly (mentally). But today in contemporary architecture and urbanism the environmental matters and even the risks that endanger the life of these creatures have been became an obsolete. Because of the importance of the issue this article have reviewed bird’s position in Quran, speech infallibles and mystics by using library studies in a descriptive study. Because of the bird’s Benefits in social and individual's life, we study the impact and role of birds in the Islamic Iranian architecture as buildings the pigeon houses are manifestations of it. After that, we study the status and condition of birds in contemporary architecture and urbanism as well as the impact of new construction and urban living conditions in survival of the species. Then, After identifying the main conditions and factors that affect the life of the birds, we recommended Strategies in individual solutions, enterprise solutions and strategies to prevent birds from crashing into glass as the research target (It can be supposed as one of the main causes of mortality of birds in contemporary architecture and urbanism due to excessive working glass).we hope this research increase the role of birds in architecture and urbanism till we use all of the social , economic and environmental benefits of this gift of god, and also we protect the rights of birds and other animals as Islam emphasize it.

Mehr housing has been one of the major project of country after revolution in the field of urban housing which has advantages and disadvantages in view of experts. In Hamedan, Mehr housing was designed and implemented like many other cities. This research has investigated the quality of life of the inhabitants of the houses with the mental approach to check view of Inhabitants in bottom-up approach. This research is application developmental with a descriptive-analytic method which was done according to completed questionnaires (likert scale) and library studies. In this research, the sample size was estimated by Cochran formula. For analyzing data was used regression analysis and T-test. According to results, satisfaction level of Residents of these houses is low and leisure facilities and sports are the most in demand.

The urban areas put the cities in special geographical spaces and research about these urban areas and definition of its boundary is a new field for urban studies. The metropolitan areas has included central city and population and production centers and other services that they put with another in environmental, economic, social and special contacts and they make an unique system of residence and action for now and future. The management of this areas has been ended by an unique and well system. The metropolitan area as an operational and correlative area has a regular pattern for social and population relations. The Arak city joined many huge sections and boundaries to itself from 1389 year by sanction of high council of urban planning and architecture. In this study, the researcher by presentation of standards and metroploitan patterns in Iran and by help of rank-size rule find out that this city has the capacity for urban concentration with comparison to Shazand, Toure, Mohajeran, Javersian, Davoud Abad and Karchan at the radius of 45 km. Also, Saveh City based on the research has the minimum population that it makes the relations with the other cities for central city week and by short distance with the other cities. So, we can definite an metropolitan area for this region of province.

This paper is trying to Find out the results of the culture and architecture of Qajar period in Iran by examining the characteristics of the historical period in terms of cultural , social and architectural elements in this period and Overall survey will be conducted in Hamadan After understanding elements of the cultural characteristics, climate, architecture, the paper review case studies; which fully and accurately checked then The results of the investigation and classified them according to the results of the review (general culture and architecture, the Qajar era and climatic characteristics of Hamadan). This research is in category of searching typology and qualitative research method in its nature. Eventually the purpose of this article is to achieve the Results of the palace design pattern and the impact of climate and culture on these patterns.