نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 58، مهر و آبان 1395)

Heart disease - a disease pandemic and the leading cause of death worldwide and is Iran and a healthy heart and prevent cardiovascular disease not only reduces pain, suffering and disability of millions And prevent waste of resources and increase productivity, economic growth and prosperity is Therefore, it became effective teaching methods and educational pamphlet on knowledge, attitude and performance of public facilities in Yazd We compared the risk of cardiovascular disease.
An interventional study (field trial) is in 1390 over 160 people from Yazd Employees of government agencies (educational intervention in 79 educational videos and pamphlets in 81 others) having been conducted. The questionnaire collected information on the reliability and validity as it was approved in two stages before and two months after the delivery of educational films and pamphlets, data collection and after data entry in SPSS software using statistical tests, T-test, Chi square and Pearson correlation were analyzed.
The results of this study, the mean differences in knowledge, attitude and practice of education in both training groups was not significant (PConsidering that both teaching methods and educational pamphlet on knowledge, attitude and performance Have an impact on how the video was their attitude and performance, Both can be concluded that an effective way of improving knowledge, attitude and practice about risk factors for cardiovascular disease is The movie is recommended educational programs as well as office automation through the network be used CD.

Lead is a toxic heavy metal in some industrial wastewater that can pose hazards to the environment and human health. Adsorption is a promising technology for decontamination of water. The present study evaluated the efficiency of food waste ash as a cheap, environmental compatible and available adsorbent, in lead removal from synthetic aqueous solution.
In the presentexperimental study, lead removal by using food waste ash in series of batch experiments were investigated. The influence of different parameters on adsorption such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, lead concentrationand adsorption temperature also studied. The experimental data finally were analyzed using excel and the adsorption behavior was fitted to isotherm and kinetic models.
The study showed that lead removal decreased with increasing lead concentration. In addition, it was found that lead adsorption increased by increasing pH and temperature. comparing adsorption capacity of food waste ash with the adsorbents used by scientist also showed the former have a remarkable higher capacity toward lead adsorption. The adsorption process also showed a good conformity to Freundlich model.
Current study endorsed the use of food waste ash in real adsorption systems, as a cheap and available adsorbent with high capacity toward lead.

Iran is the richest country in terms of distribution of medicinal plants. The antimicrobial effect of plant extracts and essential oils is well known and they are used as a good substitute in food industry to control food-borne pathogens. Due to the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their efficacy against microorganisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of peppermint extract in order to control pathogenic bacteria.
Piperita L., which is one of the species of mint; was used in this invitro-experimental study. The extraction was performed by percolation method. Well - agar method was used for antibacterial effects of extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were done for six standard bacteria using microdilution method. The test was performed 3 times for each bacterium. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16 and t-test.
The lowest MIC of peppermint extract on examined microorganisms were observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (3.25 mg/ ml). Also the maximum diameter of inhibition zone, was related to Staphylococcus aureus (32 mm).
Results of this study indicated that peppermint extract has a favorable control effect on the growth of food borne pathogens, which can be used as a perfect preservative for keeping food.

One of the most complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy which is one of the leading causes of visual loss and causes blindness of more than 10000 people annually. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors on Retinopathy recognition in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this prospective cohort study, 400 patients with type 2 diabetes without retinopathy which had referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Iran in 2008 were enrolled in the study and they were examined from Retinopathy until Feb 2013. For identification of effective factors on retinopathy recognition we used semi-parametric Cox model and parametric models, exponential, Weibull, Log-normal and Log- logistic.
The use of aspirin 0.6 times (in Weibull model, Log-normal) and one times (in Cox model) increases the retinopathy recognition risk. In other words, it decreases the duration of retinopathy recognition in these persons. In this study the risk of recognition of diabetic retinopathy in the patients who had anemia is 1.4 times of patients which didn’t have these risk factors. Having anemia causes diabetic retinopathy recognition earlier. In this study it was observed that insulin caused a delay in the diagnosis of retinopathy and reduces the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Blood sugar control, regular examination of the funds by an ophthalmologist in the early diagnosis of diabetes, control of aspirin use, diagnosis and treatment of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes are recommended.

Learning and transformation are the two factors needed for the stability of high education system and universities in such complicated space. This article aims to investigate the link between coaching management style, as a new managerial approach, and organizational nimbleness as a continual and unpredictable transformation capability.
This is a descriptive- correlation study. It is also a survey research because data have been gathered of the sample included 218 employees of university of Medical Sciences; by use of standard coaching management questionnaire of Maclin et al and organizational agility questionnaire of Sharifi & Jong. The Cronbach's alpha for variables coaching management method and agility was %82 and %95, respectively.
According to the findings, it became clear that there is a moderate relationship between coaching management and agility variables responsibility and competency. Moreover, there is a weak relationship between coaching management method and variables flexibility and rapidity. Further, descriptive statistics show that coaching management is moderately related to the variable agility, because R=%25 8 and P= %95. Data was analyzed by use of SPSS software.
Results show that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between coaching management method and organizational agility. Therefore, the organizations following coaching management and team working should know that suitable answering leads to the persons knowledge development, flexibility, quality improvement, new innovations and rapidity of organizational changes.

Bacteria are a group of microorganisms which in contrast to their diversity in nature, only very few of them can be grown and isolated in the current standard laboratories. Metagenomics as a new field of research, during the last decade has worked on clarification of the genomes of the non-cultured microbes and researchers around the world with serious study of this group of bacteria, looking for new compounds such as new antibiotics, anti-cancer agents, new enzymes and biomolecules.
This article is reviews study which with study of Texts and Internet and handy browsing of key words from reliable scientific resources and sites amongst: Google Scholar, Pub med, Science direct, Sid and Scopus in the years 2000 to 2013 were collected and studied.
The data collection instrument in the study includes all printed metagenomics related texts. Although, nowadays metagenomics is used to screen samples but now as a perfect technique beside the medium application and other traditional techniques will have better position. The highest usage of metagenomics is in clinical cases where with conventional techniques cant be discovered microbial reasons. So for tests and analyze information need to skilled scientists.
This paper focuses on some of the latest achievements of Metagenomics and its application in new drugs, detection of enzymes, potential of biotechnology and environment.

Today, women alongside men to help their family economic cycle. So the quality of work life and job stress affect on behavioral reactions such as job satisfaction, job involvement and job performance. Because more women than men experience job stress, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of marriage enrichment training on job stress and quality of work life of working women at Bafg Central Iron Ore Company.
This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The population of this study was all of married female employees who worked at Bafg Central Iron Ore Company (150 persons). From these 150 persons 30 persons were selected by purposeful sampling method. then, they were assignment into 2 groups (experimental and control groups) including test and control group. The marriage enrichment training (eight sessions) was held on experimental group. The instruments of this research were Health and Safety Executive) HSE) and Quality of work life) QWL).
The results showed that marriage enrichment training had significant influence on job stress in experimental group. But, marriage enrichment training did not affect on quality of working life in the experimental group. And so, this was not observed in the control group.
since, the job in women is very important, using of this training can reduce job stress the importance of women in the workforce is remarkable use of enrichment education can in women.

The “Candidiasis” is a worldwide crisis which involves millions of women every year. The “Candida Albicans” is mainly known to be 85%-90% cause of vaginal fungous infections. The main objective of the current study is to determine preventive behaviors which affect “Candida Albicans” vaginal infections in diabetes suffered women based on with health belief model
The present study is a sectional descriptive- analytical one.It coveredabout 300 of women who either used to refer to “Yazd” Diabetes centers or they ask medical advice from “endocrine glands” specialists. Data collection instrument was designed as a questionnaire which was approved to be as valid and reliable. Then, the data were analyzed through parametric statistical tests of “SPSS Version#16” software.
The mean age value of the participants was 50.1±6.84. Other structure such as; the mean knowledge 18.19±2.69 (ranged 0-21), perceived susceptibility 5.50±2.70 (ranged 0-8), perceived severity 6.99±2.80 (ranged 0-12), understood benefits 19.80±2.60, (ranged 0-22), perceived barriers 4.05±2.65 (ranged0-14), caes to action 2.34±1.80 (ranged0-7), self efficacy 11.12±1.52 (ranged 0-12), have been recorded carefully. It was also found that 24.2% of predictive structures of health belief model patterns were based on preventive behaviors of vaginal infection that serves as the most powerful self efficacy structure.
The study showed acceptable level of knowledge of people who referred to diabetics centers [of “YAZD”]. So, it is essential to develop regular instructional programs based on health belief model and self efficiency in the mentioned centers.

The natural derived biopolymers are highly interested in recent years. These polymers are considering as the alternative for un-biodegradable plastic films. This is due to the low cost and their availability from biodegradable and renewable sources. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of Tio2 nanoparticles on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of prepared edible films based on soy flour soluble polysaccharide was investigated.
The nanocomposite films were prepared by adding the Tio2 nanoparticles (5, 10 and 15%/ db) to the soy flour. In order to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological properties, the resulted nanocomposite films were synthetized based on the casting method.
When the content of nanoparticles increased, the moisture content and solubility of the film specimens were significantly decreased, whereas the mechanical resistance was significantly increased. Tio2 nanoparticle was highly effective against basillus cereus, staphylococus ureus and staphylococuss epidermidis. Meanwhile, MIC and MBC of molds were not affected by these films. MIC for penicilium expansum was significantly affected when the Tio2 nanoparticles increased.
the results indicated that Tio2 nanoparticles are applicable into the polysaccharide soy films. The nanocomposite film developed in the current study could be used in food applications and as a biodegradable film.

water source pollutant, result of direct releasing of metal ions to environment, is one of the most important problems in the world. In this study, efficiency of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in presence of extract tangerine Peel was investigated for removal of copper ions in the solution.
Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-perception method using Tangerine Peel extract. The Tangerine Peel extract used to decrease of nanoparticle size and to prevent of particles coagulation. The effect of different parameter includes initial copper concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time and solution pH was investigated on removal of copper. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
The results showed that the removal efficiency was increased by increasing of pH and decreased from 88% to 81% by increasing of initial copper concentration from 5 mg/l to 10 mg/l. The most removal percent was 92% when copper concentration was 5 mg/l and adsorbent doze was 0.6 g in 100 ml suspension.
The results showed the removal efficiency is depended on to pH. The increase of copper concentration decreased the removal efficiency. Adsorption experimental data were in good accordance with Langmuir isotherm model. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with extract Tangerine Peel is a good adsorbent for removing of heavy metals from aqueous solution.

Stress and anxiety are an integral part of the human nature and In addition to the positive effects it can have adverse effects on one's life.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coping program to reducing the level of anxiety, stress of the students.
In this study, 280 students were enrolled and divided into two groups: case and control.
Data collection tools were two questionnaires, included: PSS(14 questions for stress) and COTAL(anxiety) after collecting the information, data statically analysis with SPSS21 software.
Of all respondents 139(40.5%) were male and 204(59.5%) were female. The age of 27.1% were under 24years, 28.4% between 25-35 years, and 17.5% between 36-45 and others, over 46 years.
The mean of anxiety before and after teaching was: 35.17±10.02 and 26.98 ± 11.02 and for stress was 29.13±7.39 and 25.67 ± 10.86.
Stress and anxiety decreased significantly after training(p=0.00)
According to the results, we can say: Learning coping strategy with stress and anxiety can reduce them and have positive impact on the mental health of students.

Among disinfection by products, trihalomethanes (THMs) are known as the main carcinogen compounds that it’s the major precursor is humic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of humic compounds using Al and Fe compounds from Shahrchay river water.in Urmia city.
This study was done experimental. Experiments perform in jar test batch reactor in different values of pH, Al and Fe. Also THMs was measured under optimal removal conditions
The optimal dosages of ferric chloride, alum and PACl for removal of humic compound obtained, 10, 30 and 20 mg/L, respectively. The highest removal efficiency was related ferric chloride with 89 %, and removal efficiency for PACl and alum were 88% and 81%. But SUVA (specific ultraviolet absorbance) index decreased less than USEPA permissible limits (less than L/mg m 2) only with ferric chloride.
Ferric chloride can be used for removal of humic acid in water of Urmia Shaharchi river to decreased SUVA index in permission ranges. But the use of aluminum salts may lead to THM formation. Chlorinated treated water with Ferric chloride, approved reduction of the amount of trihalomethanes to USEPA permissible limits (ppb

Constantly number of travelers are growing and they are exposed to superimpose disease risks it’s morbidity caused by endemic disease of their destination. International travel are the major cause of infectious disease outbreak. Asia-Oceaninca have growing number of tourist. Deficiency of information on Travelers knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding infectious disease is concerned. This survey was conducted in order to assess travelers knowledge, attitudes and practice regard AIDS, hepatitis B and Influenza.
this study is a descriptive cross-sectional which was conducted among travelers in Imam Khomeini airport. Simple random sampling was used. Data were collected through standard questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS-16 and statistics test such as Anova, T test, cross tab, correlation, regression.
the mean age of participants was 34.66± 10.31. Education level of 47.3 percent of travelers was college and a bachelor's degree. highest rate of travelers knowledge were regarding AIDS 81.5% and Influenza 80%, in while knowledge regard hepatitis B was lower(48.5%). Highest rate of travelers practice was related to AIDS.
attention to this survey results of intermediate knowledge and practice, fine attitudes and concern to international travel cause transmitting of diseases and their epidemy , it’s recommended in order to educate travelers to abroad via curriculum, poster, pamphlet , radio, TV , an urgent measure should be taken.

anemia is an important issue among pregnant women that iead to preterm delivery. Low birlt weight or stillbirth this study aimed to assess the prewvalence of anemia in pregnant women who get iron during the first three months and the third three months of the pregnancy and the method and iron supplementation iron in winter 2011.
this cross sectional descriptive analysis study was conducted on 393 pregnant women referring to health centers of ardakan city by easy sample method.
In this study for collecting data a research- based questionnaire contains 11 questions in 7 items is designed- subjects filled. Out this questionnaire in two spans of the first and the third threemonths of pregnancy and finely data was analysed.
By using descriptive statistics and qz at the significance level of p the results of this study showed that the prevalence of anemia in the first three months and the third three months of pregnancy was 11.34 and 12.33 respectively that indicoted the increasing trend of anemia in third three months of pregnancy.
This study did not show and significant relalionship between anemia and some factors like education pregnancy grade. The kind of iron tablet. Consumption of other food along with iron tablets time of gething iron tablet and profession of women.
based on the results of this study iron and consumption of other food along with iron supplement was significant based or qz test.

The diagnosis of the disease from another disease for the patient and the therapist is very important and it happens in the diagnostic process. When the disease has more than one disorder axis, we face with multiple diagnose or comorbidity. So, the research investigated underlying factors of comorbidity of OCD and major depression and cultural factors resulting the incidence of comorbidity of OCD and major depression.
300 patients were selected by targeted sampling from the patients referred to clinics and medical centers of psychology and psychiatry in Tehran, and responded to the questionnaire made by researcher for diagnosis of cultural factors of comorbidity of OCD and major depression, and Klinjer’s TCI test that measures natural elements and secretary personality. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
The results showed that the lack of flexibility, perfection-seeking of parents and giving extreme importance to cleanliness have impact on the incidence of comorbidity of these disorders without interaction of these variables with other variables,. Also, in part of cultural factors (extreme importance to hygiene and cleanliness) and (intransigence and violence of the parents), and in the part of character and nature (persistence and perfection-seeking of parents) were predicted by regression model.
This study suggests that in the incidence of comorbidity of OCD and major depression, two cultural factors including the extreme importance of hygiene and cleanliness and perfection-seeking of parents interacting with an underlying of persistence leads to the comorbidity of this disorder.

One of the most common sources of whole body vibration are vehicles in which the driver is exposed to vibration caused by the vehicle and the road. Including the people who continuously exposure to whole-body vibration can be noted to taxi drivers. Taxi drivers during their work shift Encountered with numerous deleterious effects such as noise, vibration, air pollution, and psychological stress and long work shifts. Long-term exposure to whole body vibration in the taxi drivers can communicate with adverse effects such as reduce perception, annoyance, disturbance of vision and fine motor tasks, spinal cord injury, damage to the digestive and reproductive systems. The purpose of this study was cross - sectional study of whole body vibration exposure in Yazd city taxi drivers.
This study was designed to evaluate exposure to whole body vibration in taxi drivers, vibration measurement Was carried out in 80 taxi from 3 vehicle (Samand-Peugeot 405 and Pride)in 3 mileage groups, with 63 male drivers and 17 female drivers. parameters Including the vibration Weighing the acceleration frequency (rms), Equivalent acceleration (Aeq) and vibration dose)VDV) in 3-axis was recorded. The results obtained were compared with the values recommended by the standard (ISO 2631-1).
The mean (rms) acceleration in the Z-axis is equal to .45 m/s2 that was more than out of the axes X, Y. (rms) acceleration values in the range of potential risks to health. The average Aeq acceleration in the Pride was obtained. 62 m/s2, which was more than 2 cars, although statistically significant difference was not found between the types of vehicles. But average Aeq acceleration of the vehicle was located in the zone caution health. Average vibration dose for all vehicles were less than limits recommended in the ISO 2631 standard. The results showed that increasing the mileage and life of the car and also traffic during driving can increase exposure to vibration in the taxi drivers.
The results suggest that taxi drivers are exposed to significant amounts of whole body vibration. Therefore, we must take measures to reduce the adverse effects of vibration on these people.