فصلنامه بوم شناسی آبزیان
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 503، زمستان 1394)

Oxynoemacheilu sangorae is an endemic freshwater fish of Iran. In the present study¡ six microsatellite markers were used to investigate population structure of stone loach (Oxynoemacheilusangorae) in gheshlagh (Kurdistan)¡ Sefidbarg and Gamasiab (Kermanshah) rivers. All of the applied loci showed polymorphism. The average numbers of allele and observed heterozygosity were 14.33 and 0.82 respectively¡ indicating proper allelic richness and genetic diversity of the species in studied regions. In studying deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium¡ 10 cases of 18 tests (3 populations in 6 loci) indicated significant deviation from the equilibrium. In this regard¡ significant heterozygosity deficiency was observed in some loci. In investigation of the indices of Fst (0.031) and Rst (0.04)¡ low genetic differentiation was observed among the samples of investigated regions. Results from analysis of molecular variance indicated that most of the observed diversity was within populations. Also¡ the highest genetic distance was observed among Sefidbarg and Gamasiab. UPGMA dendrogram and genetic distance values showed that there are probably separate populations of Oxynoemacheilu sangoraein investigated regions.

The present study investigated morph metric characteristics of two populations of Alburnusatr opatenae in two rivers on north western Iran. In addition, the role of important ecological factors influencing morph metric features was studied. Ninety three specimens were collected from the Siminehrood (39) and Zarinerood (54) Rivers using electrocution. The specimens were photographed using a digital camera, imported into the software Image J and 21 morph metric characteristics were measured. The two populations had significant differences in morph metric features. Principal component analysis indicated that the distance between the pelvic fin and the snout, and also body height were the most important factor that separated the populations. Two-block partial least square showed that depth and Water flow ratehad the highest influence on morphology of A. atropatenae in the Siminehrood and Zarinerood Rivers.

A 12-week feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of fish meal replacement by earthworm meal (Eiseniafoetida) on growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass composition of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenserbaerii). Fish with mean weight 21.32 ± 1.91 (mean ± SD) were fed with five experimental diets which 0% (Control), 10% (EWM10), 20% (EWM20), 30% (EWM30) and 40% (EWM40) of fish meal protein was replaced by earthworm meal protein. At the end of the feeding trial final body weight, weight gain, condition factor, feed coefficient ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were monitored. Fish fed EWM10 and EWM20 had highest weight gain and final weight respectively but no significant differences were observed between different treatments (P>0.05). Fish fed EWM40 had lowest final weight and weight gain and significant differences were observed between this treatment and EWM10 and EWM20 (P0.05). Fish fed EWM30 showed lowest carcass lipid content that was significantly lower than control treatment (P

The present study aimed to determine the cellular toxicity and anticancer characteristics of six species of Cyan bacteria living in Geno hot spring on cervical cancer cell lines. For this purpose, the cyto toxicity of methanol extracts from Geno hot spring Cyanobacteria including Leptolyngbya tenuis, Chroococcus minutes, Gloeocapsarupestris, Oscillatoria articulate, Chroococcus namiculata and Synechocystisa quatilis were examined in five different levels including 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 Mg/ml and in 3 replications. The results showed that the toxicity effects of extracts from each species in different levels on cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) were significantly different (p

In order to investigation of water quality of the Choghakhor wetland by use of WQI, ten stations were selected. Sampling was done every 45 days since April 2010 until March 2011 with 3 replications at each station. Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated using nine water quality parameters (Nitrate, Nitrite, Alkalinity, Hardness, Turbidity, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, pH and Biochemical Oxygen Demand). For this propose, the relative weight assigned to each parameter ranged from 1 to 4 based on the importance of these parameters for aquatic life and their role in use of water resource for human life. The results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between different stages (p

In this study we examined the tubes of building polychaetes erpulidae family of Bandar Abbas coast. Sampling was done using hammer and Knife from the fisheries wharf body and tidal conditions were maximized. Polychaetes collected samples were placed in plastic bags and transported to the laboratory. Polychaetes samples with valid identification keys were identified. The relationship between measured morphological parameters (number of crown branches, operculum and peduncle length, width of the Thorax) was investigated and the results showed that there was no direct correlation between the length of worm and his tube, polychaetes length and body weight were assessed to determine the type of growth and results showed body length and weight of polychaetes showed negative algometric growth, also between the total length of body and the other measured parameters was observed a linear relationship. A significant correlation was not found between morphological parameters.

This study aimed to fulfill demands of information on aquaculture capability and to estimate ecological potential in Golestan Province. Aquaculture site selection (warm and cold water fishes) was conducted by MCE[1] method using GIS. The aquaculture suitability maps were produced by multi-criteria evaluation model (MCE), Fuzzy and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in ArcGIS 9.3. The most appropriate site for warm and cold water aquaculture was identified by improving the quality and data precision including elevation digital model map with an appropriate pixel size, rock map, agrology, water quality parameters (water temperature, acidity salinity) and etc. Results implicated the potential of the study area for aquaculture development in commercial scale. The other finding in terms of commercial aquaculture obtained in the present study was the near-by road which accelerates delivery of the fish pond products to the civil markets.

Mangrove forests are coastal ecosystems that found worldwide in tropical and subtropical zones. Oil spill causes damage to these marine ecosystems. The objective of this study is study the oil-degrading bacteria in some mangrove forests that located at Persian Gulf. In this study sediments and plant materials were collected from mangrove forests at Persian Gulf (Minab and Khamir ports). Oil-degrading bacteria were screened in specific media. Isolated bacteria were identified by biochemical and molecular tests. Nine crude-oil degrading bacteria were isolated after enrichment at ONR7a medium with 1% crude oil three strains BP14, NP16 and NP19 were selected for further study. These isolated strains were identified as Vibrio azureus and Pseudomonas salomonii. The half percentage of oil was removed by these strains in 15 days of incubation. The highest percentage of crude oil related to NP19 strain with 76 percent degradation. By growth and multiply of these bacteria in field scale we can remediate oil polluted mangrove forest ecosystems.

Recently, biological methods are used for remediation of various pollutants especially heavy metals. Algae are organisms which can accumulate and transform these pollutants with different mechanisms. In this regard immobilization of these microorganisms is a technique that is used for different purpose. So after primary screening of microalgae (Spirulina, Tetraselmis, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Microchaete and Calothrix), selected microalgae treated with chrome in a domain of environmental factors [pHs (2-5), concentration (10-150 mg/L) and time (20-200 min)] and absorption of chrome was determined with atomic absorption. The condition of maximum absorption was selected for evaluation of the effect of immobilization on it. Also physiological responses of selected microalga in these treatments were determined. The results indicated that maximum of absorption was 16% in 110 minutes by free green alga Scenedesmus. The alga Scenedesmus cannot accumulate chrome by itself and absorbed chrome returned to medium. Also the potential of alga reduced with increasing concentration and the maximum rate of absorption was seen in lower concentrations. Higher Absorption was seen in higher pHs (pH 5). Also immobilization had positive effect on absorption of chrome and can use in other purposes.

In the current study, the effect of yarrow extract (Achillea millefolium L.) at 52, 104 and 208 mg.Kg-1 weight body incorporated in basal feed on blood biochemical parameters of carp infected Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. When fish fed with enriched diets, the cumulative mortality reduced. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphates activities were adjusted in the blood of fish infected with low concentrations of A. hydrophila (0.25 and 0.50×106 cfu.mL-1), following treatment with yarrow extract. Whereas, these activities significantly increased in fish infected with high concentrations of A. hydrophila (1×106 cfu.mL-1). When fish fed with 52 mg yarrow extract the total protein significantly decreased along with increasing concentrations of bacteria injected into fish. Injected 1×106 cfu.mL-1 of A. hydrophila significantly decreased in the globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels in blood of fish. The glucose, urea and creatinine levels significantly increased in fish treated with high concentrations of A. hydrophila (p

The present study investigated age and growth patterns of the Dwarf snakehead Channagachua from Sarbaz River. A year round regular monthly collection of this species was carried out from June 2013 to May 2014 (Except in August). The specimens total length and total weight ranged from 13 to 153 millimeters, and 0.04 to 49.49 grams respectively. Sex ratio was 1: 1.23 in favor of males. Length–weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0089TL 3.11 (r2= 0.99) for males and W = 0.0079TL 3.16 (r2=0.99) for females and for the entire Sexes combined as W = 0.0103TL 3.04 (r2=0.99) being all metrically positive for both sexes. Age determination by opercula readings revealed that the majority of specimens belonged to the age group of 3, with 6 being the oldest age recorded for both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated as Lt =21.78[1- exp-0.16(t 3.62)] for males,Lt =25.40[1-exp-0.13(t 0.32)] for females and Lt =26.44 [1-exp- 0.12(t 3.72)] for the whole Sexes combined. The highest values of condition factor were obtained in December and April for both sexes. The results indicated that biological factors such as growth and sex ratio in Dwarf Snakehead species from Sarbaz River show considerable differences compared to the specimens from other localities of its natural habitats.

Effects of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on some hematological indices of Zayanderud Chub (Petroleuciscus esfahani) were investigated. One hundred individuals of the fish (average weight 26.4 ± 1.3 g) were divided into 5 experimental groups, exposed to 1 or 25 µg/L of silver nano or silver nitrate or unpolluted water as control for 10 days. At the end, primary hematological indices including red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin and secondary hematological parameters such as mean corpuspolar hemoglobin (MCH) and volume (MCV) were measured. The results showed significant differences in all primary hematological indices in fish exposed by silver nitrate or silver nanoparticles in comparison to the control. Highest hematocrit (47.75 ± 3.09 %) and hemoglobin (15.6 ± 0.93 g/dL) were observed in the fish exposed to 25 µg/L silver nitrate. 25 µg/L silver nanoparticles caused significant reduction in RBC count in comparison to the control (P

In this study, the combined effect of different levels of dietary n-3 HUFAs with α-Tocopherol on changes in the structure of intestine and pyloric caeca and fatty acids profile of Caspian salmon, Salmotrutta caspius, fry (initial weight of 600 ± 25 mg for 10 weeks) were investigated. Six experimental diets containing three different dietary levels of n-3 HUFAs (Low: 1 0.5, DHA EPA, Medium: 2 1, DHA EPA, High: 4 2, DHA EPA g/100g diet) with two different levels of α-Tocopherol (Low: 300 and High: 1000 mg/kg diet) were prepared and named: LL, LH, ML, MH, HL, HH (HUFA/α-Tocopherol), respectively. The results showed that increase in dietary vitamin E increased HUFA levels in polar lipids, particularly when dietary HUFA were higher. Histological analysis showed the mean length of enterocytes had not significant difference in anterior intestine and pyloric caeca segments. However, in fish fed moderate and high HUFA diets enterocytes were slightly higher. Feeding Caspian salmon fry with moderate and high levels of omega 3 HUFA increased the villi area of mucus layer in anterior intestinal. The results of this study showed a concomitant increase in dietary omega 3 HUFA and vitamin E increased long chain fatty acids, especially in moderate and high levels of HUFA fatty acids, which these fatty acids have beneficial effects on the growth and health of fish.

This study was conducted for determination of antibacterial effect of Echinometra mathaei extraction on human disease bacteria. Samples were collected in Abu Mosa Island. Extraction operation was done by shell, spines, gonad and aristotle's lantern. Ethyl acetate, n-hexane and methanol were used for extraction operation respectively. Extraction effect of these organs was investigated on Vibrio alginolyticus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Vibrilogei. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory methods were used for test hypothesis. Results showed different extraction effect antibacterial (P

In view of the importance of medicinal herbs with a wide range of biological activities in cytotoxic discussion, in this study the cytotoxic effects of crude extracts of plants from the family Lamiaceae have been investigated against larvae of Artemia Salina, by in vitro screening method. This plants as, Zataria multiflora, Thymus daenensis and endemic species as Satureja khuzistanica, Saturejarechingeri. The results showed that the aqueous extract of all these plants have nonoticeable lethal effect on Artemiasalina nauplii except a weak cytotoxic effects of aqueous extract of S. khuzistanica (LC50 =988.6μg/ml). All methanol extracts of this plant showed cytotoxic effects except T. daenensis, but there were no significant difference between them at the 95 percent confidence level (p>0.05). The cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of S. khuzistanica (LC50 =426.7μg/ml) compared with methanol extracts of S. rechingeri and Z. Multiflora was stronger. Despite the lethal effects of these plants on brine shrimp larvae, these effects are evaluated at the intermediate level and further investigation in relation to the cytotoxic effects of them requires a more specific test.