فصلنامه بوم شناسی آبزیان
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 502، پاییز 1394)

In the autumn 2012, a study in order to evalute the accuracy of describe four species from Alburnoides was done using morphological characters. The samples from three speices including Alburnoidesnamaki, Alburnoidesidignensis and Alburnoidesnicolasi caught by electrofishing from type locality that reported by Bogutskaya and Coad, 2009 and also, the samples of Alburnoideseichwaldiiwas caught from SiahroodRiver.Thirty three morphometric and five meristic characters were analysed. Morphologicalcharacteristics were standardized before statistical analysis to reduce the error ofthe allometricgrowth. In order to evaluate of morphometric variation between the mentioned populations, the morphometric and meristic characters and relative morphometric were analyzed by PCA and MANOVA/CVA methods. Our results showed a high coverage of morphometric characters in the mentioned populations and approximately these populations were not in separate site. Also, due to highe coverage in these populations, this seem that the separation of three populations in gharechay, Bidsorkh and noorabad that before described by Coad and Bogutskaya (2009) as A. namaki, A. idignensisand A. nicolausiis not possible.

Common carp CyprinuscarpioL. is an important economic species in Caspian Sea. Genetic variability and differentiation of common carp investigated in and Gorgan rood estuary, Ramsar shoreline, Anzali wetland and Aras dam using microsatellite markers. A total of 100 specimens of adult common carp were sampled from regions. Seven pairs of microsatellites were tested on the common carp. In this study, only five primer pairs (MFW6,MFW7¡MFW9¡ SyP4 æ Ca3/4) were used successfully. Analyses revealed that the average of alleles per locus was 7.7 (range 2 to 12 alleles per locus in regions). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.790 and 0.863, respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were seen in most cases. Average of Fis, Nm and FSTwere -0.104, 2.9 and 0.099 respectively. FSTbandRSTestimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions, indicating that the populations were divergent. The data generated in this study provides useful information on the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of common carp.

Toxicity of trace metals in the environment, bioaccumulation in aquatic environments and in food chains are of great importance.This study concentrates on the distribution patterns of some heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn and Fe) in surface sediments of Shoor River estuary to obtain an overall classification for the origins of the metals in the studied area. In order to determine the degree of Contamination and environmental quality of region sediments, indexes such as the Enrichment Factor (EF) and Modified degree of Contamination (mCd) for each of the sampling stations applied.The results of EF represented the low accumulation of Ni in the surface sediments of region, and Zn in different stations have different degrees of enrichment, which can be attributed to the influence of anthropogenic factors. While, Pb was no enrichment and did not pose anthropogenic contamination. According to mCd, study area in terms of environmental quality, in all sampling stations was in order to uncontaminated until very slight contamination areas. This study revealed that on the basis of computed indexes,Shoor River estuary was classified as very low contamination estuary. Nevertheless, due to rapid urbanization and industrial development of Bandar Abbas, monitoring of heavy metals contamination in the study area due to its ecological importance is necessary.

Sea cucumber species are commercially important in the world. This study explored the reproductive biology of sand fish sea Cucumber in Qeshmisalnd in the Persain Gulf for a year, from December 2012 to November 2013. The macroscopic study intended to examine the features such as gonad color, gonad weight, their length and diameter, and specify the spawning season. Microscopic examinations included histological studies of Hemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained texture slides. We measured early, middle and final stages of gonad diameter by and eyepiece micrometer optimize. Gonad color of male at this stages is white – creamy and gonad color of female stage is orange – red. Based on these criteria, five stages of maturity were determined for both sexes. The result showed that winter is the spawning season in Qeshm area. The correlationn between gonad and different seasons shows meaningful difference (p

Barnacles are most important macro benthic population of Rocky shores that Amphibalanusimprovisus is a dominant invasive species of this group. Present study aims to define the number, biomass, coverage rate and to study the factors affecting on the distribution of this species in various parts of rocky shores of south Caspian Sea. Ten sampling stations were selected in the natural and artificial rocky shores from Astara to Babolsar and during two years and every 2 months, once from September 2013 to July2014. In general, the mean number of individuals in this species in the coasts was 404.75 271.165, coverage rate was 36.83 19.657, and weight was 17.81 11.825g in unit surface. While relatively even distribution results are displayed in 10 Stations. But in one-way ANOSIM grouping it was noted that most similarity of habitat was related to the stations 3, 4,5,6,9 and results of One-way ANOVA in various months indicated that temporal changes do not dramatically effect on the frequency of Amphibalanusimprovisus. In addition, it was defined that salinity of southern coasts have not effect for growth of barnacles and temperature was an important and positive factor in frequency.

In this study, the effects of salinity on the hematological parameters in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi were investigated within 21 days. One hundred and twenty fish weighing 300-350g were divided randomly to four treatments of urban water and following 3 salinities: 4, 8 and 12 g/lit and blood samples were taken in following days of experiment: 1th, 3th, 7th, 14th and 21th.Hematological parameters were measured: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood count (RBC), Hb, RBC index (MCHC, MCH, MCV) and cortisol hormone.At the end of the experiment, compare of treatments with control group showed significant decrease in the total count of red blood cells in the salinity of 12 g/l (p0.05). Cortisol hormone showed significant variation among different treatments in different days (p

Microalgal culture can be a combination of three environmental factors, treatment of wastewaters, production of renewable energy resources for replacement of fossil fuels and reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions. Microalga Spirulina is not just a good candidate forwastewater treatment (due to the ability toremove ofnitrogen andphosphorus), but also it plays a roleinreduction of greenhouse gas emissions because of the consumption of atmospheric CO2. Severalfactorscontributetothegrowth of thisspecies. In this study, the influence oftwo factors, aerationcycle(15 minutes to 12hours) andZarroukmediumconcentration(20-100%), on quantitative(specific growth rateanddry weight) and qualitative indices(chlorophyll andPhycobiliproteinscontent) of this species has been evaluated by usingRSM-CCDmethod. The results indicatedthat increase in frequency ofaerationand the concentration ofthe medium can enhance the specificgrowth rateand also the dry weight. The highestchlorophyll content was obtained in median values of bothfactors. According to phycobiliproteins, the effect of the medium concentration on these pigments is the same as the effects on chlorophyll, but the influence of aerationcycle is completely vice versa. It seems that aeration cycle has an important role on quantitative and qualitative indices of biomass, although it is not well studied yet. This factor can partially offset the negative effects of the culture medium dilution and reduce the costs of total processes.

Mangrove is one of the main natural resources in Hormozgan Provience, having a valuable role in coastal ecosystem conservation and is one of the elementary parts of marine chain food. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in habitat area of mangroves between Khamir port and Gheshmiseland and its correlation with climatic elements. In order to detect the changes of mangrove area, Maximum Likelihood Classification method and NDVI index are extracted from Landsat images.The results showed mangrove areas increased from 1984 to 1998, and decreased from 1998 to 2001 and again increasing form 2001 to 2009. There was no significant correlation between climatic elements and the changes in mangrove areas (P value=0.05).

Nowadays finding of ecologically suitable place or places for any activity, is one of the most important steps in the plan implementation. Roughly 94% of the net area of mangrove habitats in Iran is located in Hormozgan province which is the only place in south coast of the country that two species of mangrove trees grow naturally. In recent decades, biological reclamation and reforestation of mangrove species (grey mangrove and loop-root or red mangrove) was one of the most important projects in the natural resources management department of the province. The purpose of this study was to locate suitable areas for biological reclamation and reforestation of mangrove species using GIS and is based on ecological criteria. In this regard, after identifying variables influencing on the establishment of the species from the point of view of experts, 10 variables were selected and used. Assessment and classification of environmental parameters affecting the biological regeneration of mangrove forests using the Delphi method and fuzzy evaluation was performed according to the Kriging method because of the lower prediction error. Among the different fuzzy operators such as ::::union::::, intersection, addition, multiplication and algebraic gamma phase in the end, the addition operator provided the best adapted results to identify suitable areas for reforestation and biological restoration projects with higher success rates.

Environmental pollution by heavy metals is one of the main problems in the environment. Biosorption, is inactivated or live and dead biomass is used for the removal of heavy metals. In this study, a micro alga (Cyanobacteria) Spirulina platensis was used as adsorbents for the remediation of copperfrom aqueous solution.The purpose of this research is to study the possibility or impossibility of copper heavy metal removal by cyanobacteria S. platensis under different environmental conditions. Bisorption of Copper under different conditions, including different concentrations of copper (10, 50, 100, 200 mg /L), pH (3, 4, 5, 6), time (30, 60, 120, 360 min) and the concentration of biomass non-living (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g / L) were studied. Finally, toincrease the efficiency of cyanobacteria were determined absorb theoptimal conditions using the Taguchi method. The optimization process of absorption, the bestamount of each of the parameters pH 5, and the weight of the algae S. platensis 0.5 g/L, 200mg/L for metal concentration and the time required was120 minutes. The results showed that the S. Platensisbiomassis suitable for economic development and efficient structures for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Regarding the importance of studying inland water fishes specially the fish living in qanats, some morphology characteristics, length-weight relationship and growth type of Turkmenian loach Paraschistura sargadensis living in Aran qanat, Baft city were assessed by standard protocols. Range of total length was 25.1-51.38 mm, standard length was 20.65-43.10 mm, fork length was 23.41-46.85 mm, body depth was 2.97-4.66 mm and the weight of fish was 0.12-0.81 g. Total length- weight relation was as W=0.000012TL2.86 with r2= 0.978. According to the results of Pauly test, the value of “b” obtained had a significant difference with value of “3” and hence, the growth type of this species is allometric in Aran qanat.

The purpose of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of the marine algae. Different algae were subjected to the three solvents (n-hexan, ethyl acetate, methanol). Antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed using 7 bacterias by disc diffusion method.According to the results of the study, the algae Ulvalinza and Ulvaintestinalis had the highest antibacterial effect against positive gram bacteria especially, Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that all macroalgae ethyl acetate and n-hexan extracts had the considerable activity in the antibacterial. The results of the study showed that green, brown and red algeahave strong antibacterial effects.

The study of spatial and temporal variability of distribution of phytoplankton communities in Northern part of the Persian Gulf (Qeshm andLengeh Islands) was studied. In this study, five groups (47 genera) of phytoplankton include Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Crysophyceae and Euglenophyceae were identified. The results showed that Diatoms group (79.6 %) and Rhizosolenia genus (45.5 %), contributed more towards the percentage composition of different groups and genera of phytoplankton during the study. The annual changes in relative abundance and Margalef, Shannon, pielu and simpson indices were estimated, 0.58-2.56 , 0.08-0.97, 0.23-2.6, 0.09-0.93 respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that during the sudy, density and biological indicators of phytoplankton were significant between seasons (P