نشریه انسان و محیط زیست
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 38، پاییز 1395)

This study identifies the apt area for ecotourism development in Fars Province by developed Dr. Majeed Makhdoum model. Every given parameters in the model including slope, herbaceous, petrology, Geology ,conserved areas, continental situation and water are separately evaluated and digital maps were prepared. Data analysis and evaluation of data were performed by using Geographical Information System. Finally maps of apt area for ecotourism development have been prepared. This maps showed below class. Condensed apt ecotourism zones, extended apt ecotourism zones and other jaunt zones (ancient, historical, national and pilgrimage place) by considering these maps about 1% belongs to condensed ecotourism zones class I and about 5% belong to class II. Other zones in the Province are unsuitable for this usage (more than 90%). 25% proportionate to extended ecotourism zone class I, 67% proportionate to extended ecotourism zone class II and 8% not proportionate for this usage.
According to the available information the most and the least visited religious visiting zones are Mamasani and Estahban, respectively. Neyriz has the largest number of primeval visiting zones.

Economic valuation of environmental resources is allocated the great part of environmental economic studies. Environmental economist believed that economic valuation is necessary for environmental and services of non-market resources and denying of it will have results as regret in long run. When environmental functions tied to historical and rural heritage, results of non-valuation will have more prominents. The purpose of this study is determining the recreational value of Malhamdare village services (environmental and historical) in Asadabad County (Hamedan Province). So, for this, individual travel cost method is used in household production function framework for years of 2015. The results show that the time, distance and costs of travel are effective factors on production recreation and recreation marginal cost, with the assumption of competitive conditions, is equivalent to 1397650.2 Rials per days which is shadow price of recreation. Also demand for recreation has negative relationship with the shadow price of recreation and has a positive relationship with income. On the other hand, visitor’s willingness to pay has a significant and positive relationship with quality of the environment, education level, age and marriage status of visitor. So, increasing environmental quality and preparing facilities in Malhamdare village by private sector investing will have increased environmental, recreation and ecotourism value of Malhamdare village.

Water is one of the basic human needs and the supply, transmission and distribution of it is a serious issue. But this important issue dose not overshadows the design and application of various technologies in the water supply system that least damage to the environment and reduce environmental pollution, affect energy consumption. Therefore, planning and measures for minimizing the negative impacts of the construction of dams, reservoirs and pipelines, energy consumption for pumps and processes and intersection transfer on the environment is essential. In this regard, Yokohama water supply system can be as an appropriate model in the field of water supply of a city with the least damage to the environment. This article is the result of a training course in 2015 in Japan as well as study and research on water supply system in Yokohama as an environmentally friendly water supply system and explains the methods used to reduce pollution in different parts of the water supply system of the mentioned city and aims to brief acquaintance authorities and experts concerned with the water supply system, as regards the Japanese by simple methods, proper positioning, using natural resources, application of advanced treatment technologies, modern equipment, public participation and the private sector and water loss reduction program, significant step in reducing pollution and energy consumption and at the same time deliver high quality water to consumers.

Nowadays due to the urban waste disposal problems and environmental pollution of this substances on natural resources and Ecosystem, it is inevitable public participation in the waste management. In the present research the factors affecting the rate of public participation in waste management of the municipal districts 3, 6 and 21 of Tehran city has been studied and meanwhile conceptual model of public participation in waste management has been presented. The target statistical population is Tehran citizens over 12 years old residing in those districts and the sample volume is computed at the level of 95% with Cochran formula and the selected sampling method is Pseudo multistage cluster sampling meanwhile the research method is descriptive survey in sectional manner. Data collecting is done by means of the questionnaire consists of 21 questions. In order to perform the quantitative valuation of the questionnaire answers, Likert method has been applied. Research assumption after data collection have been analyzed by the software SPSS and after performing the Pearson correlation and regression lineal multiple tests among the effective factors of sex, age, education, number of family members, income and training. Our results determined the factor of training has a significant correlation with the rate of public participation in waste management and with higher level of training it is possible to increase the rate of public participation in waste management.

Municipality participation in planning has always been far-reaching and that's why city planners have tried in municipal decisions, in terms of informing citizens and with their cooperation, implement your plan. This article isnt an analytical and descriptive library and field methods for assessing the economic participation of District 2 City of Shiraz in the promotion of urban housing.
The main tool survey questionnaire and using spectrum - point Likert seeks to test hypothesis is research assumptions by initially All data questionnaires software environment spss the validity of this study was taken through Cronbach's numerical value 0.839 ), was calculated , the number of questionnaires through Cochrane formula and error factor 5 % equal 140 (a number equal number of questionnaires through the formula to 384 , according to the number of professors 140 acting number) and after being normal and abnormal data from a good fit testing the best way to measure the single sample t - test assumptions and Kendall thirty is used.
Research results through Kendall thirty exams showed that gender and intensity between them and the weakness of the municipal corporate performance in housing projects there is a significant relationship with a probability of 95 % can be claimed between gender and satisfaction with the performance of the poor municipality solidarity, but there is a significant, The second assumption research in single sample t - test also suggests that it is important that with the possibility of 95 % can be claimed that the turnout in terms of people under less than 50 percent of the sample.

After the industrial revolution and urbanization process, the problem of urbanity increased so urged scientist and experts towards confronting Issues through various aspects such as sustainable city, ecologic city, ideal city, etc. The aim of this paper is to studying raised issue such as sectionalism, urban pastoralism, urban humanism, creative city, etc (which were addressed by experts in order to bring about change into the structure and atmosphere of today cities). Despite of similarity factor in the goal with the same direction of such attitudes, the lack of definite solution during the urban design and planning phase it may cause differ results in the city planning without achieving view of experts completely in the sustainable city. This paper introduces urban greenways as a desirable approach to reach the mentioned goals.