International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Summer 2016

Business sustainability in all dimensions of economic, governance, social, ethical, and environmental (EGSEE) performance is gaining acceptance as many global stock exchanges either encourage or require their listed companies to issue sustainability reports and investors worldwide demand sustainability performance information. More than 8, 000 companies worldwide are disclosing various EGSEE dimensions of sustainability performance. Despite the importance of business sustainability to corporations and investors, there is limited research on the status of business sustainability education (BSE) and its relevance to the curriculum of business schools. This paper examines the importance, relevance, and delivery of business sustainability education. Business schools play an important and everlasting role in preparing the next generation of business leaders and managers who must understand the importance of business sustainability in our society and new accountability and integrated sustainability reporting and assurance. A survey of a sample of graduate business students was conducted to gather information pertaining to the importance, benefit and delivery of business sustainability education (BSE). The majority of respondents believe that BSE is relevant and important to their college education and future career and should be integrated into the business curriculum. Given the dynamics of current changes in business programs, this paper presents relevant information for business schools that are or planning to provide BSE to their students.

It is very important for managers, investors and financial policy-makers to detect and analyze factors affecting financial markets to obtain optimal decision and reduce risks. The importance of market analysis and attempt to improve its behavior understanding, has led analysts to use the experiences of other professionals in the fields such as social sciences and mathematics to examine the interaction of market in a different way. This article reviews the use of networks and graph theory to analyze the behavior of social and financial phenomena that in recent years has been expanded. First, the original of this theory that donate from discrete mathematics, is introduced and then some details are given about the characteristics of a network, such as power law property, scale-free networks and minimum spanning tree. The results show that financial markets dynamics have caused the dynamically development of the approaches, methods and models of market analysis, so the effect of investment opportunities on each other was evaluated to identify market behavior.

The relationship between finance and other social sciences as known behavioural finance, evaluate investors to the decision-making process and their reaction to different conditions of financial markets deals. In this study assumed that analysts are specialist in fundamental and technical analysis and then influence their personality characteristics is evaluated on their performance. Statistical population and the sample of this study consist of capital market analysts. Required data is collected by a combined questionnaire. The research hypotheses are tested using Pearson’s correlation tests. The results show that there is a significant correlation between extraversion features, Agreeableness, Consciousness and personal control to the degree of risk aversion, but no significant relationship was observed between personality characteristics and returns portfolios analysts. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between the type of fundamental analysis and technical analysts and degree of risk aversion. In addition, findings show that the degree of risk aversion has inverse relationship whit capital market analyst’s tendency investment. Also, analyst’s whit characteristics of extroversion, agreeableness and Consciousness are more likely to invest in short-term and long-term investments.

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget Manager try to maximize their utility by using of budget slack tools and internal control system, respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of budget slack creation and budget internal control by managers on their utility by means of game theory. Hypotheses were tested by panel data of financial statements and Manager’s ethical attitude of 56 manufacturing company of Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2015. The main and subs hypothesis were analysis, by best response function method and Mann-Whitney test. Base on the results, if the internal control of budget is weak, the strategy of budget slack creation by senior manager would maximize his utility. Also, if the senior manager looking for create the budget slack, the strategy of budget internal control by budget manager would maximize his utility. Otherwise, the mentioned strategies have no significant effects on their utility.

Decision making process requires information. Accounting is the most important source of information. In 1998, the international federation of accountants issued a statement about the scope and using of accounting. It identified 4 stages for using accounting information: cost determination, planning and financial control, reduction of resources waste and creation the value. This study was designed to provide insights into using accounting information in managerial decision making. Using the IFAC classification, this study investigated evolution stage of using accounting information in hospitals. The study population consisted of financial employees working at the hospitals located in Tehran (Iran). The study sample consisted of 54 private hospitals and 82 public hospitals. The instrument of data collection was questionnaire. Results showed that hospitals managers don’t use accounting information to reduce resources waste and create the value. Maybe, it is because of little familiarity with accounting in hospitals. Private hospitals managers use accounting information to planning and control. However, Public hospitals managers only use accounting information to determine the services cost. Findings showed that public hospitals managers use accounting information less than private accounting. Maybe, it is because of less accountability and using governmental resources in public hospitals.

In this research, role of accruals in elaboration of quality of earning of the companies accepted in Mumbai Stock Exchange has been studied and relationship between quality of earning through accruals and its constituents and abnormal stock return has been studied. The studied sample includes 35 companies in group A of Mumbai Stock Exchange in 2009-2013.Fordata analysisandhypothesistesting multiple linear regression model based on panel data has been used with Estimated Generalized Least Square (EGLS) with eviews and stata software and results of the research indicate that there is direct and significant relationship between accruals and abnormal stock return. There is also direct and significant relationship between discretionary accruals and abnormal stock return and non- discretionary accruals and abnormal stock return.