نشریه مطالعات تاریخی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Documentology (forensic document examination) is analyzing historical recording of documents thought time as well as their different structures. Experts of documentology believe that historical documents must be explained and organized by means of the knowledge and the methods of documentology. Then analyzing structures of documents and application of all the historical documents are certainly regarded as true examples of documentology. A large number of documents and writings related to religious rules (Shari’a) from Qajar era are remained, including Istishhadnameh (religious affidavit) which are the result of the works of jurisprudential (fiqh related) and judiciary system of the time. Istishhadnameh, just like other documents related to religious rules, have special structures which can be figured out through a concise documentology. These documents have often a simpler structure, comparing to documents of religious rules; they also have a shorter text. Although they have a different documentation structure, comparing to other documents, an especial and fixed method and structure cannot be found in writing of these documents. The writers and scribers of these documents were not obligated to follow a certain method in writing and they wrote the documents just for the purpose of writing them. The present paper has applied a descriptive methodology and it collected the required data by means of analyzing sources, documents and evidences. Therefore, at first the criterions of identifying Istishhadnameh are explained and then they are followed by hypothetical examples in battles and collections of letters in order to bring more light on the subject. As a result literature of documentation and principles of writing Istishhadnameh are explained.

Ottoman Caliphate formed and began its march toward Europe, warning of the existence of a Christian states was created. Byzantine was not only able to repel the Ottoman Empire it was inevitable that a powerful military alliance of Christian states of Europe against the Ottoman form. European countries were looking for a new political force in this way can Europe learn from the Ottoman attacks. The two sides need each other to unite against a common enemy, causing the formation of the first external relations with European governments were about Timur. After a while, the attack of Timur to the Ottoman, Western governments were free from great danger, continuing up to expand its relations with the court of Timur. The result of this process was the establishment of business relations. This cross-sectional study to examine relations with European countries, the rise of Amir Timur end Ankara’s war.

Circumstance of having relation with Mamluks was important subject in Ilkhandis era. Importance of strategic of Mamluks’s realm and significant role which Mediterranean sea prepare for these areas; attracted Mongoles to them since Holaku came and Mongoles conquer Jazireh and parts of Sham quickly. Priority of Mamluks in Eyn-e-Jalut led to Ilkhandis take depredational economic and militarian strategic against Mamluks but their militarian strategic wasnt too succesful.Thus Ilkhandis who were successor of Ghazan, by being realistic and using of rival’s preparation, attempt for replacing political and cultural strategic instead of militarian one and instead of contrasting put collabration in their agenda. This essay, in addition of surveying the preventing and preparing factors of Peaceful relations between these two governments in 8th era, checking the backgrouds and circumstances of this strategic changes out. Byproduct of research recounts that Ilkhandis and Mamlukes government affected by their structure situation peace out together and these 2 muslim government achieve Convergence.

As a form of historiography, the local historiography has become a matter of interest for scientific centers in the present era. Contrary to general historiographies, this form of historiography confines itself to a specific geographic area so that it can have a closer look at the events happening in a given region or country. Under the influence of Iranian-Islamic historiography tradition, the Indian Subcontinent has had a full treasure of local historiographies since long ago. The evidence for such a claim is that, compared with other regions, Sind has more local chronicles because of being more affected by the Iranian culture. Because India was heavily influenced by the Persian culture after the Arab conquest, and then the rule of Ghaznavids, Timurids, and Ghorids, its official language changed to Persian as well. In this vein, most of local history books in India are written in this language. Besides seeking to point out to and answer the extent to which Mohammed Ibn Masoom Bakari’s personality was influential in India of that time, the present paper is an attempt to scrutinize the impact of Bakari’s most important book “The history of Sind” in explaining the history of this region. It also tries to enumerate this book’s properties and to present its positive and negative aspects.

Islam in South East Asia Since the beginning has been mystical and moderate. Striking feature of the Muslims of the region in different periods of history and in contemporary times has been lack of prejudice towards people of other faiths and local beliefs and peaceful coexistence with them. Indeed, Islam in South East Asia has always been peaceful and smiling face. From the late 18th and early 19th centuries Wahhabi ideas were introduced to South East Asia Muslim. From this period, many scholars of the region have traveled to Mecca, Medina and Cairo to complete their education and in these educational centers became familiar with the Wahhabi Ulema. In the 20th century and after the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and creation of the training centers in South East Asia, Wahhabi influence on Muslims in the region increased. Wahhabi activities in this period in South East Asia have caused some Muslim to extremism and intolerance towards followers of other religions and faiths. In this article we will study how the arrival of Wahhabism in South East Asia and the share of Wahhabism in Muslim tendency for intolerance and extremism will be studied.

In the era of Mamluk (648-923 A.H.), Egypt became the cultural capital of Islamic world where important educational institutes and grand figures appeared in different areas of knowledge. By means of a descriptive – analytical approach the present paper intended to analyze educational and cultural institutions in Mamluk era as well as analyzing their functions. The present paper shows Mamluk rulers just like a large number of wealthy and powerful figures with high religious and social status have made huge efforts in building and repairing educational centers such as mosques, schools, libraries, ministries, caravansaries and ruins. They also supported scientific and cultural improvement of Islamic world in this era. These centers had different functions which were related to military actions, medicine, Sufism and worship. But they also became educational centers as well, where different areas of knowledge were taught.