مجله طب جنوب
سال نوزدهم شماره 6 (بهمن و اسفند 1395)

Cataract is a visible opacity of the eye lens and it is the main reason of reversible blindness in the world. Oxidative stress is known as a major factor in cataract formation HSP70-2 protein is a molecular chaperone which is essential for cell survival in stress conditions. HSP70-2 gene is located in the human leukocyte antigen class ΙΙΙ region. This gene encodes an inducible protein. One of the common polymorphism of HSP70-2 is 1267A/G which is located in coding region. The aim of this study was to analysis of 1267A/G polymorphism of hsp70-2 gene in cataract patients.
Material and This case-control study included 118 cataract patients and 122 healthy people as a control groups. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping determination was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Statistical analysis was performed by using the MedCalc software (Version 12.1).
The frequency of G allele was significantly higher in patients than the controls, (0.36 and 0.24, respectively). A higher frequency of the GG genotype of the HSP70-2 1267A/G polymorphism was found in the patients compared with controls (21.19% and 8.20%, respectively). The patients carrying the GG genotype were 3.2-fold at a higher risk of cataract compared with AA genotype (P=0.005).
The finding of this study suggested that the HSP70-2 1267A/G may affect the susceptibility to cataract in the studied population. Anyway the randomized multicenter studies with greater sample size still need to confirmed our results.

Mammographic screening to diagnose the breast cancer showe false-negative and false-positive results in young women and therefore a non-invasive and low cost method is needed, to diagnose the breast cancer in the early stages. DNA methylation changes are the most common molecular changes in human cancers and including breast cancer. Therefore, The pattern of tissues methylation can be used in the early diagnosis of cancer. Also similar methylation patterns found in tumors and in plasma shows potential application of molecular detection of breast cancer, based on blood. The aim of this study was to assess the promoter methylation for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer.
Material and To examine the promoter methylation 21 tumor tissues and 21 normal tissues have been studied for clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. 6 gene methylation status (NANOG1, RASSF1A, SFN, CASP8, WIF1 and CTSL2) was analyzed by methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR).
The results show that NANOG gene was methylated in 94.7% of tumor specimen and 100% of normal specimen, RASSF1A gene was methylated in 9.5% of tumor specimen and 0% of normal specimen, SFN gene was methylated in 14.3% of tumor specimen and 27.8% of normal specimen, CASP8 gene was methylated in 30% of tumor specimen and 23.5% of normal specimen, WIF1 gene was methylated in 80% of tumor specimen and 27.8% of normal specimen, CTSL2 gene was methylated in 28.6% of tumor specimen and 23.5 % of normal specimen were methylated. Data analysis did not show a significant relationship between these results. (P >0.05).
The results of this study demonstrate that 6 gene methylation status was not enough to differentiate between the cancer and normal groups. This study demonstrates the methodological problems (MS PCR) which was used to assess the methylation markers to evaluate the methylation status as diagnostic biomarkers.

Breast cancer is one of the causes of mortality in the world. Half of patients with metastatic extend resistance to Tamoxifen and almost all patients eventually become resistant to tamoxifen. Inorder to counteract with the negative effects of tamoxifen, this drug have been placed in combination with the curcumin. Anti-cancer substance which is less toxic than Tamoxifen. In this study, Diblock (Dendrosome) Nano polymer was used in order to tamoxifen packaging along with curcumin. Anti-cancer efficacy of the obtained compound (Diblock, Tamoxifen and Curcumin) was evaluated in Tamoxifen-resistant (TR) MCF-7 cells and Fibroblast cells.
Material and MTT Assay was used to evaluate anti-proliferation effect and drug toxicity.Flow cytometry and Annexin-V-FLUOS were used inorder to assay anti-proliferation effect and induction of apoptosis, respectively.
Nano-compound has less toxicity effects on normal cells compared with Tamoxifen and increased apoptosis activity and decreased proliferation in MCF-7 cells which are resistant to tamoxifen. Curcumin and Tamoxifen have more apoptotic potential than Tamoxifen alone, Nano-Tamoxifen or Nano-Curcumin.
Results of this study showed that changes in Tamoxifen by curcumin polymeric nanocarrier help to more effective treatment of breast cancer.

The prevalence of allergic diseases is growing in the world and Iran. Allergens play an important role in creating these diseases. Since inhalation allergens are an important part of these allergens the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of aeroallergens and their association with allergic diseases based on skin prick test (SPT).
Material and In this study, the frequency of these allergens were examined by using 22 aeroallergens and based on Skin Prick Test in 1100 patients with allergic diseases who referred to Shohadaye- Khalije- Fars university hospital.
The reaction severity of SPT and the severity of disease associated with inhaled allergens with Russian thistle (21.1%, P꞊0.001), Chenopodium album pollen (14%, P꞊0.001) and Dermatophagoid Pteronyssinus (9%, P꞊0.001) respectively. Also, in these patients, the frequency of inhalation allergens were House Dust Mite (HDM) (69%), feather (60.8%), Russian this tle (59.9%) pollen and Alternaria mold (59.6%) respectively.
This study indicated that outdoors inhaled allergens such as Russian thistle and Chenopodium album pollen have the most allergenicity in patients with allergic and asthma in Bushehr province, Meanwhile, the prevalence of indoor aeroallergens such as HDM, feather and mold were high in these patients.

Asthma and allergic diseases are raised as a major health problem in the world. The prevalence of these diseases is on the rise specifically in the world and Iran. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of these diseases in Jam City, from environs of Bushehr Province.
Material and this study was performed on 516 schoolchildren aged 6-7 years and 569 schoolchildren aged 13-14 years in schools of this city based on a standard questionnaire of allergic conditions and asthma (ISAAC) phase 1 and 3, which mention to the prevalence and risk factors for these diseases in 2014.
in prevalence of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma among 6-7year old schoolchildren were 13.8 %, 20% and 3.9%, respectively, While, the prevalence of these diseases among 13-14 year old schoolchildren were 19.5%, 19.2% and 6.7%, respectively. There were a significant association in each group, between affliction rate to asthmaand its association with rhinitis and eczema (P the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases was high in Jam city and this increase is associated to risk factors such as exposure to cigarette smoke, pet care and use of gas as a fuel at home.

In recent years, changing the infant feeding methods and the growing trend of use powdered infant formula (PIF) has raised concern about quality and health assessment among them. These products are contaminated with various pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus which the presence of this bacteria in PIF is important because of consumer age group and virulence of this bacteria in PIF. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Bacillus cereus in powdered milk infant formula consuming in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Tehran hospitals in 2013-14.
Material and In this cross-sectional study, 125 samples of powdered infant formula milk which were used in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were surveyed during 8 month in 2014. Isolation and identification of microorganisms (including Bacillus cereus) were carried out according to FDA standard protocol (FDA method) on B. cereus selective agar (MYP Agar).
The results of present study showed that of 125 samples from of consumable powdered infant formula milk, 84 (67.2%) samples were contaminated with B.cereus and also 18 (14.4%) samples were contaminated by more than one B.cereus species.
As regards pasteurization process is not effective on the spore of B.cereus., The spores of these bacteria can remain in PIF and can cause food poisoning in infants. For this purpose, more attention to quality control of production units and imported powder milk is recommended in Iranian infant foods.

Adherence from treatment-care regimens is very essential to achieve health promotion and improve quality of life as well as affordable healthcare. Nevertheless, broaden of chronic diseases is still growing in the world because of lack of adherence. Understanding the perceived challenges can facilitate planning to increase adherence. This study aimed to explain the perceived challenges in non-adherence from the prescribed regimen among patients with chronic diseases.
This qualitative study was done in 2015 by using the conventional content analysis approach. Thirty four participants with the most common chronic diseases were recruited purposively and they were entered in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and simultaneously with data collection; a comparative analysis was conducted by using the conventional qualitative content analysis method.
Four main themes extracted from the data included: flaw in the possibility of observing the recommended regimensafter devotion for family; frustration in facing the conflict between work and recommended regimens; inability in self-adaption with the recommended regimens; broaden cost of prescribed regimens; and limiting and inductive enclosure of beliefs. These themes indicate the nature of challenges in personal, family, and social dimensions of patients with chronic diseases in terms of adherence with treatment regimen.
The findings show that the perceived challenges has special complexity and diversity. Although they are sometimes internal and personal, some others are external and beyound the will and control of individuals. Therefore, it is necessary that health system policy-makers and planners intervene and plan according to the nature, diversity, and complexity of these perceived barriers in order to facilitate in the adherence of patients process from the treatment care regimens.

Cystic hygroma which originating from buds lymphatic are a combination of multiple cysts, with benign nature. The incidence of this disease is estimated to be 1 in sixty thousands of live births. 75% of cases occur in the neck and 20 percent is seen in axillary area. There are chromosomal abnormalities in 60% of cases. Cystic hygroma usually covers adjacent neurovascular structures Airway obstruction is the most critical complication, infection and bleeding are on the next level. Complete surgical removal is the selective treatment. The case was a 3-day-old male neonate weighing 4 kg admitted in NICU ward of Beasat hospital due to massive bilateral swelling of the neck and severe respiratory distress. The patient was operated on an emergency basis and cyst was removed. After surgery, the infant was mechanically ventilated for 4 days. There was recurrence following complete resection, the remaining part of the Cystic hygroma was excised at the age of 6 weeks.

There is a controversial evidence about adiponectin role in cardiovascular diseases and visfatin role has been suggested in pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. A total of 378 postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in Bushehr Port. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease was assessed by using the Minnesota Code with a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (EKG). Serum adiponectin and visfatin levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay A total of 159 patients (41.8 percent) were suffering from ischemic heart disease. There was no significant difference between women with ischemic heart disease and healthy postmenopausal women in adiponectin serum level. However, diabetic women with ischemic heart disease, compared with healthy postmenopausal women had a higher level of visfatin (Geometric Mean: 3.05±1.84 ng/ml versus 2.52±1.90 ng/ml, respectively; p=0.023). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that higher serum levels of visfatin were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease after adjusting for potential confounders, including classical cardiovascular risk factors and circulating hs-CRP levels [odds ratio=3.26, confidence interval (1.14-9.68), p=0.027]. Adiponectin was not correlated with ischemic heart disease among postmenopausal women. But visfatin serum level correlated with ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal non-diabetic women independently from cardiovascular risk factors.