فصلنامه پژوهش نامه زنان
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 17، پاییز 1395)

Sexual behavior is a very clear and private issue that engages a good part of human life and is directly related to individuals’ mental health and social relations. The present paper, which is a descriptive and comparative one, aims at studying sexual malfunctioning and mental health of menopausal, unproductiveand addict women. The research population consisted of all menopausal, unproductive and addict women of Hamedan and Kermanshah. From among this population, 34menopausal, 34 unproductive, and 34 drug-consuming women were selected. Sampling instruments were Women Sexual Malfunctioning (2001) andthe Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Lovibond, 1995)questionnaires. Results,which were analyzed through multiple regression analysis, indicated that there was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of sexual malfunctioning, sexual desire disorder, sexual arousal disorder, orgasm disorder, sexual pain disorder, and mental health sub-scales. We can say that women who feel like being attacked lose their sense of pleasure unwontedly and have lower mental health. In other words, sexual malfunctioning ranged from highest to lowest in menopausal women, addict women, and unproductive women, respectively.

Arabic novels have found a self-contained and functional identity due to the nascent transformation in the Arab world besides worldwide modern literature development. The attempts of great authors in the Arab world have proved effective in setting trends within the domain of thought and language and have also directly influenced the socio-political movements in these countries. North African countries, particularly Algeria, as a result of their long colonization by the French (130 years), have greatly distanced from Arabic language, which is the major index of Arabic culture. Currently, half a century after the Algerian emancipating movement, Arab authors are striving to revive Arabian cultural heritage consistent with the contemporary taste and thoughts of their intellectual citizens. The present study, employing an analytic descriptive approach, analyzes Dhakirat al-Jasad novel authored by AhlamMosteghanemi, one of the well-known Algerian literary figures, via focusing on the relation between language and gender in the text. The findings of the study reveal that the author, by contrasting concepts like feminine and masculine language, has described personal and social concerns, life at home and in exile,and the role played by certain characters before and after the revolution. The author has purposefully deployed the language and gender deconstructiontodepict a different view of Arab woman and her interaction with the dominant masculine language.

The present study aims at explicating the status of women in land ownership. The factors affected the emergence of female landlords in the West of Iranwill be discussed as the main research problem. The methodology was a qualitative one and the data were collected through documents and library sources andvia purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted throughgrounded theory. The analysis and interpretation of the data indicated that a good number of landlordsin Kermanshah, during this time span, were women. The findings of the study reveal that the decline of tribal societies, the status of women in tribal society, the hereditary creed in Islam, and the law of documents and instruments registration were the main factors which led to the emergence of women landlords. The presence of women in the feudal system has had various consequences, including cash payment of feudalistic interest, matriarchy, and claiming the status of grand landlord.

The role and function of women prisons indicate that despite the fact that a legal supervisory system for enforcing criminal laws and punishments and maintaining social order is required, rehabilitation is also of great importance. The present case study examines Arak women prison. The population consisted of all 44 women prisoners. The study was conducted through survey research (questionnaire) in spring 1394/2015. Based on the hypotheses, it seems that the prisoners’ satisfaction with prison environment was at average level. Emotional problems before entering the prison were influential in committing crimes by the prisoners. There was a relationship between mental health of those in charge of prison and the prisoners’ satisfaction, and rehabilitation methods were also effective in assistingthe prisoners to return to society. The research data was analyzed by SPSS Software and the results confirmed the hypotheses.

Estimating married women labor supply model based on the latest statistical methods can effectively elucidate the effect of married women labor supply on tax and welfare changes. Married women labor supply model,in families in which both couples have jobs and non-labor incomes, has been estimated in the present study viaemploying Neoclassic Model framework. The research data were collected viainformation related to family income and costs during the year 1392. The estimation wasdone through eliminating selection bias and based on Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The findings reveal that married women labor supply is standard and the personal wage elasticity is positive and significant. Thus welfare and tax-related plans have significant effects on decrease or increase in working hours of this group. The socio-cultural transformation study shows that there is a positive relationship between married women working hours and increase in their husbands’ income; along with matchmaking in marriage. Accordingly, it could be concluded that policies concerning increasing family non-labor income did not have significant effects on decreasing working hours of married women of the studied group.

The present study aims to explore the effect of economic factors on couples’ decision for divorce. The data were collected qualitatively through in-depth interviews with 40 divorced men and women in Tehran. The findings reveal that unemployment and unstable occupation, inappropriate ways of making living, over-dependence on families, poor economic conditions of the society,high pressure on family income sources, and mismanagement of family financial sources are among the economic problems encountered by couples in their marital life. These issues have yielded a chain of events like couples’ lack of interactions in marital life, decrease in family welfare level, and increase in mental and behavioral disagreements and conflicts between couples. Based on the findings of the study, economic problems are not determining factors in divorce per se; however, they set ground for other conditions which can ultimately result in divorce. In fact, economic problems can surreptitiously postpone butaffect couples’ decision for divorce.

Citizenship theory is defined by rights as well as commitment and cooperation indices. Accordingly, the issue of women rights, regardless of duties and commitments explicated by the constitution, reveals to be inefficient and incomplete. On the other hand, the employment of citizenship theories—as instruments for delineation and interpretation of constitution, proves effective in arriving at a balanced realization of women rights and commitments within the constitution logic. Of course, the most important issue within citizenship theories is doubtlessly theorization on “citizenship rights”. By focusing on theories of citizenship rights and categorizing them under related citizenship theories, we attempt to present a tool for deeper perception of the nature and goals of constitution and its proper mechanism for supporting women major rights and freedom. At the end, a balanced perception of women citizenship rights and commitments is proposed. Besides, the hypothesis of balance between women citizens’ rights, commitments and cooperation within constitution framework is discussed, and new interpretations of principles 50, 40, 14, 8, 3 are presented. Moreover, the way the condition “according to the law’’ in many principles of nation laws should be interpreted according to issues of women citizenship will be discussed.