فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه
پیاپی 95 (پاییز 1395)

Iran Mercantile Exchange begins in 2007 in order to reduce market inefficiencies for agricultural products to the market place and one of its objectives is to control price fluctuations of agricultural products. The aim of this study was to evaluate fluctuations in prices of agricultural products in the Iran Mercantile Exchange by using vector autoregressive (VAR) and GARCH models. This study analyses and compares the price volatility of barley in Iran Mercantile Exchange by the domestic traditional market and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The results show more fluctuations in barley prices in Iran Mercantile Exchange compared with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The changes of crude oil prices and exchange rate caused significant changes on barley prices in Mercantile Exchange is Iran.

Because the critical role of agriculture in providing food, produce raw materials and inputs required, prices control of these products have been considered by policy makers and with the various tools try to control the price of agricultural. Agricultural sector as one of the sections of the macroeconomic sector affected by macroeconomic variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables such as liquidity, interest rate, real exchange rate of market and industrial price on price of agricultural products. Therefore, Structural Vector Autoregressive Model (SVAR) was used. In order to identify the structural shocks Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) was used. The results show that liquidity effects on agricultural price in the short-term, although this effect is less in the long run. In addition, real exchange rate of market in the long run and industrial price in short-term and in long-run are the most important factor that affecting agricultural price. Therefore, in order to avoid the change of agricultural price uses tightening monetary, control the change of markett real exchange rate and prevent the formation of black market of exchange rate and control industrial price by controlling change in the market exchange rate as the most important factors affecting industrial price.

Aim of this study is to analysis adjustment process of sensitive and critical importing agricultural products as well as to determine factors affecting their import. Selected products are grains, soybean and sunflower oil, poultry, meat, sugar and soya bean which account for more than 80 percent of Iranian agricultural products import value in study horizon of 1981-2011. To get the objectives, cointegration and error correction model are applied. Factors affecting import includes import-domestic price ratio, tariff rate, domestic output, oil income excluded GDP and oil income. Based on Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) some of the above variables are included in the import model. The findings show low sensitivity of the products import with respect to explanatory variables in both of short and long run. However, among the other, import-domestic price ratio may be regarded as a factor with the higher influence. Error correction model also reveals that import deviation of the products with respect to their long run equilibrium will be adjusted at most by two periods. The coefficients stability test also indicates the model stability over the selected period.

Due to the important of efficiency in productivity growth, the goal of this study is efficiency analysis in Iranian pullet and laying hen industrial units. For this purpose, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) were used. The data used in this study consisted of a sample of 840 farms that were taken from an industrial farm census conducted by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2011. The results of estimating regional frontier production function showed that mean TE varies between 0.45 and 0.82. It implies that, there are possibilities for either increasing total production using the same inputs or decreasing input for the current level of production or a mixture of both by filling the gap between the best producer and other producers.

Limited water resources, lack of rainfalls, population growth and standard of living, causing severe imbalance between supply and demand of water. Economic instruments such as the pricing and the development of irrigation networks can be seen as a solution for this is balance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measuring the water marginal value difference between traditional lands and lands in the Sefidrud irrigation and drainage network in Gilan Province to the economic value created by the network of irrigation water in agriculture should be evaluated. For this purpose, by using the linear programming model, shadow prices for irrigation water for each of the seven regions of the province, including the four areas outside of Sefidrud network and the three areas inside of it was estimated. The results showed that the maximum economic value per cubic meter of water, 3096 Rials for Fomanat inside of network and the minimum economic value per cubic meter, 1598 Rials for upstream Sangar dam outside of network. Due to the weight of the acreage in each region, the average yield per cubic meter of water in the region in 2622 and 2215 Rials, respectively inside and outside the network. In other words, the additional net benefit of irrigation and drainage network is only about 400 Rials per cubic meter of water consumption. Based on research findings, each additional cubic meter of water supply, has created different values in irrigation areas of Gilan province that it represents the Importance of water allocation policies. It is suggested that, according to target subsidies law and in accordance with the values obtained, in a long-term schedule, water tariff increase in agricultural prices.

The purpose of the present study is determine the effect of different factors specially bank facilities on improvement of management of olive orchards in Tarom county. The basic tools for data collection is are questionnaire. According to results, bank facilities has a significant and positive effect on improvement the management of olive orchards in Tarom county. Also, the results indicate that improvement the management has a significant and positive effect on increasing the olive production. In addition, improvement the management lead to growth and expansion of olive orchards in Tarom county. According to the results, it is recommended that policy makers facilitate the status lending for farmers to improving the management of olive orchards.

The objective of the present study was to determine optimal economic use of environmental pollutant chemical inputs in Varamin plain for irrigated wheat crop by using two-stage cluster sampling method by filling out 113 questionnaires by farmers of that area. The most beneficial rate of these inputs use were estimated by estimating appropriate translog production function and with the objective of maximizing economic benefit of farmer. The results showed that farmers use N fertilizer in third production area and uneconomically and 100 Kg per hectare more than economic optimal amount and also they use P fertilizer in second area and economic of production and 5 Kg per hectare more than economic optimal. It can be managed efficiently using appropriate political tools such as promoting actions and informing about bad effects of high use of chemicals and promoting farmers to use organic and biological fertilizers. In addition, the results show economic optimality of using poison input by farmers of this area.

Continue the policy of subsidizing input of production could be one factor contributing to the low efficiency of input and thus prevent the development of the country. In this study, positive mathematical programming approach according to maximum entropy was used to evaluate effects of eliminating the water subsidy on the production of ornamental flowers. Data were collected by from beneficiaries of ornamental flowers of Mahalat city, during crop year 2013-2014. The results showed that the policy of increasing prices of water lead to decline in production and benefit. The maximum decrease in production is related to wallflower, Lilium and is Gerber respectively. The results showed that the flowers of Lilium and Gerber have higher economic performance compared to other types of produced flowers and the most production decrease is related to Shabbo.

Reform of water rights is one of the pillars of institutional reform in the water sector. Clearly defined and enforceable water rights are important to face with the challenges of better management of water resources. This article provides an overview of the current situation and the water rights effectiveness and its relationship with the water sector performance. For this purpose, path analysis and relative tests were used. The results showed experts believe that the current legal behavior with various forms of water resources is different. As well as the effectiveness of the water rights has significant impact on the water sector performance and the existing rights factors in the private sector participation, accountability and resolve conflicts are the effective factors in the water sector performance. With regard to research results, it seems necessary review the existing water laws for promoting efficiency and performance of the water sector.

One of the best option in order to commercial and competitiveness agricultural sector and active participation in global markets is the development of greenhouse units. The main purpose of this study was to investigate effective factor of metal greenhouse success grown for vegetable in Isfahan province. The population of the study included all metal greenhouses cultivated by vegetables in Isfahan province (N=303). According to Cochran, the sample size for a population of this was 170. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select samples. Correlation test , t and F test as well as regression analysis were used for analyzing the data. According to the study, there is a positive and significant relationship between variables of education, work experience, participation in extensional- educational classes and awareness assessment with success of the greenhouse. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that academic and scientific excellence, participation in extension – education classes, score of greenhouses and management styles explain about 40 percent of the variation in success of the metal cultivated greenhouses.