نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1395)

The Globalization and liberalization of trade in health services lead to the emergence of health tourism and its growth . Health tourism covers any trip for health promotion and as one of the aspects of tourism, it provides sustainable development and contribution of the economy. It could also be national strategy towards increasing the national income and is also considered as a national security aid. This study aimed to investigate the role of health tourism in sustainable urban development with an emphasis on socio-economic indicators: a case study of Mahalat spa. The results of the study-obtained from field study and completion of a questionnaire by 415 individuals from local residents based on Cochrane model-indicates that there is a significant differences between the development of health tourism, social and economic development.

The importance of urban transportation with about 25 percent of its urban spaces, as well as providing the basis of development in cities and for its citizens is very clear and undeniable. Nowadays, urban transportations due to the problems and challenges such as urban air and noise pollution attract the attention of urban planners and researchers. In Shahrekord, there is not any sustainable transportation planning, and the poor transport infrastructure of city is not suitable for its growing population, and the city is facing serious problems, such as environmental pollution, traffic and accidents. Hence it is essential for managers and urban planners with strategic outlook analyze and prepare sufficient plans to develop urban transportation systems. Therefore, this study at first through descriptive and analytical method by the help of SWOT model reveals strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Shahrkord’s transport system then through the evaluations of factors and the matrix of internal and external factors, the place of transformation system is specified and several strategies to improve the present situation is suggested. Finally, Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) is used to prioritize proposed strategies.

Modern Rural Management beside having the principles of management such as: leadership, planning, organizing and etc., should follow such criteria as: holistic and pluralism, creativity and flexibility, initiative-oriented cooperation and etc., in order to attract the participation of local people, empower them and develop the capacity of villagers’ actions. Accordingly, the Dehyaran, who are the executive arm of Islamic Councils, are regarded as a symbol of modern management, should be aware of all the features of modern management to take steps toward implementing modern management principles for sustainable rural development. In this regard, the present applied research study followed this aim and the knowledge level of khavvmyrabad village of Marivan county was measured. The population of this study consisted of two groups of dehyaran of 11 villages of district and rural residents in the villages. In connection to the Dehyaran, the census method and the groups of villagers by Cochran 175was used and the questionnaires in villages were randomly distributed. The results indicate these groups are different in viewpoints, in a way that village directors believe on their knowledge of modern rural management but the locals do not.

New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are considered as one of the main infrastructures of the agricultural development. This study aims to investigate the role of this technology in the rural development of the Choghanarges village as one of the suburbs of Mahidasht District in Kermanshah city where agronomy is the dominant agricultural activity using both documentary and field research methods. The statistical population included all agronomical beneficiaries of Choghanarges village, of whom 111 people were selected as the research sample and were divided into two groups of A and B, each of 51 people based on the ICT usage in related fields in agronomical development. Data were collected using the interviews and questionnaires, the data relates to agronomic development index and use quality of the ICT and were analyzed using the "Spearmans rho" and "Mann Whitney U". The results show that although both groups can be relatively considered in the same range in terms of the personal features, there is a significant correlation between the ICT usage in the agronomical activities and agronomical development index. Group A, who used ICT in agronomical activities more than Group B, showed a higher rank in terms of the agronomical development index. Moreover, results showed a significant correlation between the agronomical activities and agronomical development of the village.

In recent decades, Along with the structural transformation in the field of tourism in the country, especially tourism in rural areas, construction of second homes aimed at leisure in the villages of summer has begun. Now a days, second home tourism in the Nir County due to the mountainous location, being close to the provincial capital, enjoying beautiful landscape and pleasant climate has been growing very significantly. The purpose of present study is to investigate second homes and their developmental impacts and repercussions on rural environments. This research study followed documentary, field and analytical methodologies. The findings suggest that second home tourism in this area has led to various social, economic, environmental and physical outcomes and changes which in some cases, it has resulted in the skyrocketing land prices and housing, use of standard architectural style and improvement of the rural streets in terms of health. Threats associated with tourism in this area has been led to undesirable consequences such as the destruction of natural landscapes, destruction of farmlands and orchards, agricultural land use change and deterioration of agricultural activities. Therefore, effective planning and management of tourism activities is essential for achieving sustainable rural tourism.

Tourism has a wide variety. One of the most interesting and perhaps newest branch of this trade is the rural tourism which has been recently considered by many countries all around the world. Nowadays, Due to urbanization and urban pollution, many program managers as well as investors consider rural tourism development as one of their concerns. Investment in macroeconomics is one of the basic variables not only it increases aggregate demand but also increases supply capacity of the economy. Studies have shown that investing in small areas with special attention to tourism can be considered as a high priority in sustainable development strategies and poverty reduction. Rural tourism development as a valuable and growing part of the economy is presented and in the field of investment, due to the availability of resources, low price and small size of projects compared to other tourism projects have less risks and costs.However, planning and investment ,no matter domestic or foreign, in rural tourism development can involve useful teachings in all fields related to tourism. The present study aimed to prioritize rural tourism in Isfahan province for investment and ranking the villages. Accordingly, this study is an applied one and the data are collected through library and field study; the researchers used and the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making for prioritizing the investment of the target villages. In prioritizing based on TOPSIS model the tourism-based villages including Ghourtan, Esfarjan, Domab, and poudeh are considered in the first to fourth rank, consequently, while the second priority is given to Targh, Ghehi, Abyaneh, Hardeng, Hosnijeh, Mashhad Ardahal, Soh, Kalahrood, Nisyan, Jaja, and Khafar which contain the fifth to fifteenth rank. Finally, Noshlaj, Aliabad, Mashhad kaveh, Mehrjan, Hanjen, Dore, Dangzlou, and Garmeh are considered as the third priority and contain 16th to 23rd rank.

The Caspian Sea that sometimes is classified as the largest lake and sometimes as the smallest self-sufficient sea on the Earth, for various reasons as including significant geostrategic position, rich oil and gas resources, rare resources including a variety of sturgeon and non-sturgeon species and also the possibility of using the sea to transport goods and passengers as well as pollution problems caused by agricultural, industrial and urbun activities, is of utmost importance. Introduction of exploitation and cooperation in capacity utilization of the sea and determinnation of the coastal states’ duties in solving the problems of the sea is associated with determining its legal status. The division of the Caspian Sea and its legal regime is underway for years amonge its littoral states and with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the increasing number of coastal states from 2 to 5, the complexity and sensitivity of the issue has been increased. And each of the coastal states to share in more raise and pursue views and ideas that would be discussed in this article accordingly. This article is kind of descriptive-documentary research, the aim is to be applicable, and the needed information is collected through library research method.

Spatial-locational results based on the preparation and implementation of the Rural Guide Plans in our country after decades of preparing and implementing the first plan in the 1361s now more than ever can be analyzed and evaluated. On the other hand, following the dominant approach of such plans, the appearance of physical effects more and far ahead of the other results has gained the possibility of evaluations. The present study surveys some main effects of the implementation of Guide Plans in one of rural areas of Isfahan (Kalahrood) by using a survey method and reviewing of documents and written sources, then several suggestions in the way of reasonable changes with the condition of minimal effects on traditional structure of rural context has been proposed. Findings reveal that there is a relationship between the changing pattern of housing, improving street network, distribution and allocation of land to different uses and village beautification of public space and implementation of the Rural Guide Plans. Also there isn’t any relationship between the retrofitting of buildings and presentation of any encroachment on agricultural lands and the Rural Guide Plans.