Journal of Applied Chemical Research
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Summer 2012

The photodegradation of Ponceau-S dye was investigated using UV radiation in presence of nanosized Fe2O3.Removal efficiency of Ponceau-S was sensitive to the operational parameters such as dye concentration, catalyst dose, pH, contact time, TOC and COD. The photocatalytic treatment of red colored Ponceau-S dye by magnetic nano semiconductor (Fe2O3)is an effective, economic and faster mode. The kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out. A simple kinetics model was proposed which confirmed pseudo second order reaction. Langmuir isotherm fitted this study. The optimum conditions for the degradation of the dye were initial concentration 50 mgL-1, pH 8, contact time 20 minutes and catalyst dose 5 gL-1 of Fe2O3.The semiconductor photocatalyst was also carried out for SEM and XRD analysis which confirms the utilized semiconductor was nanosized.

Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical methods from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), polyethylene glycol 5% and hydrochloric acid 0.001 N. The sol-gel process was applied for the preparation of nano silica gel. This method is hydrolysis and condensation reactions of TEOS as precursor of silica. The optimal synthesis conditions for the preparation of silica nanoparticles were obtained and the produced silica nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the silica nanoparticles were successfully formed. The prepared samples change from amorphous to α-crystallite phase. The XRD analysis indicated the amorphous structure of the synthesized silica nanoparticles while the SEM and TEM images exhibited monodispersedNano sized silica particles with a size about 34 nm. In this study, the soft process of sol-gel reaction is favourable from a view point of energy conservation. Additionally, the advantages of this technique were the purity of products and ability to control nanometer sized internal structure.

Biodiesel is usually produced from food-grade vegetable oil using trans-esterification process. As an effective factor on the biodiesel characteristics of the biodiesel is the kind of feedstock which is used, so finding a proper feedstock for using initially has an important role for different places. So, in this research, disposal substances of Capparis Spinosa are used as a feedstock for producing biodiesel because it was found that it contains nearly 30% triglyceride oils which are mostly based on linoleic and oleic triglycerides. After the extraction of oil, oil seeds of Capparis Spinosa were reacted with methanol 99% in press of basic homogenous catalyst (KOH) and (NaOH). Properties of biodiesel are evaluated by fuel standard test, and the results are compared with ASTM D6751 standards. Saponification number (SN), Iodine value (IV), Cetane number (CN), Viscosity (VS), Flash point (FP), Density (DN), Pour point (PP), and Cloud point (CP) of fatty acid methyl esters of Capparis Spinosa seed oil were empirically determined. Fatty acid composition, IV and CN were used to predict the quality of fatty acid methyl esters of oil for use as biodiesel. All its properties were in allowed limitation of ASTM D6751 standards. The obtained products were analyzed with FTIR and GC-MS spectrum. And by the GC-MS, all sorts of methyl ester composition were identified. Concerning the obtained results from the analysis of the sample, it showed that reaction progress was more in four hours of reaction.

An extractive spectrophotometric method is described for the assay of sitagliptin phosphate in bulk drug and in tablets. Sitagliptin phosphatewas extracted as an ion-pair complex from the solution containing Eriochrome black T and 0.1N HCl into chloroform and the absorbance of the complex was measured at 500nm.The working conditions of the method were investigated and optimized. Beer’s law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 1–25 μg ml-1. Sensitivity indices such as molar absorptivity, Sandell’s sensitivity, limits of detection and quantification are reported. Precision and accuracy of the methods were established. The method was successfully applied to the assay of sitagliptin phosphate in tablet dosage forms with recoveries varying from 99.70 to 101.23% and standard deviation from 0.428 to 0.983. The results were statistically compared with those of the reference method.

5- hydroxyisoquinoline undergoes a smooth reaction with alkyl propiolates in the presence of triphenylphosphine (15 mol%) to produce the corresponding (E)-alkyl 3-(isoquinolin-5 yloxy) acrylate in good yields. When the reaction was performed by 2-methyl 4 hydroxyquinoline and 3-nitro 4-hydroxypyridine, similar aryl vinyl ethers were obtained.

A unidimensional Thin Layer Chromatography system for the separation of salicylic acid and its derivatives (sulfosalicylic acid and Aspirin) has been developed. The separation was successfully using a solvent system of chloroform-methanol-water-ammonium hydroxide 120:75:6:2 (V/V) as mobile phase on TLC plates impregnated with boric acid. The method is based on different behavior of investigated compounds in impregnated TLC plates with different amount of boric acid. The effect of boric acid contents of TLC plates on separation factors like resolution (Rs), capacity factor (k’) and selectivity factor (α) were investigated.

Colloidal nanodispersion of Iron Yttrium Garnet has been preparedbymixing the two ternary mixture of Triton X-100 (surfactant), n-heptane and aqueous solution that differing only in the aqueous phase.Ethanolwas added as cosurfactant and mixed them by ultrasound bath. By mixing these twomicroemulsions, Iron Yttrium garnet (Y3Fe5O12) nanodispersionwas obtained. Solids were settled by centrifuge, washed and dried,then solids were calsinatedat 800 ◦C, 2 hour, and were characterized them by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM).

Hammett constants (σ) can be important factor to understanding substitution and position effects on benzoic acid. This report describes a computational study of ΔG◦ and σ for six substituted benzoic acid (X= F,Cl ,OH ,NH2,CN,NO2)and phenylacetic acid substituted (X=OH ,NH2 ) at para and meta positions ingas and aqueousphases by DFT method and comparesit to available experimental and theoretical results.