نشریه روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

The purpose of present study was the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on reducing test anxiety and increasing self-efficacy in high school female students.
The design of the study was experimental, pre-test, and post-test with control group. Statistical population includes 60 high school female students of Siahkal city in 2014-2015 academic year. Statistical sample includes the subjects who obtain a least one score above the average in anxiety scale and one score below the average in self-efficacy scale and they were categorized randomly in two 15-person experimental and control groups. The pre-test was administered for both groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of intervention once a week for about 90 minutes. But no intervention was applied in control group. After this stage, post-test was conducted for both groups at the same time and in the same condition. Both groups were evaluated with Spielberger test anxiety scale and general self-efficacy scale of Scherer et al. the statistical method of MANCOVA was used for data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics and all operations were performed by SPSS-20 software.
The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy training had no significant effect on reducing test anxiety among high school female students (f(1/26)= 0/03,p=0/867,µ2=0/0001). But there was a meaningful effect on increasing the self-efficacy of the students (f (1/26) =12/13, p= 0/002, µ2=0/32).
Discussion and Cognitive-behavioral group therapy has been effective in increasing self-efficacy in high school female students.

Anxiety Disorder (SAD) has received increasing supports. Furthermore, it has indicated fluctuations. Therefore, the aim of this research is determination and comparison of efficacy and permanence of three CBT models based on "exposure to self”, “exposure to situation" and “exposure to self-situation" on treatment of SAD.
in current quasi-experimental research, 24 subjects with SAD were selected using Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (SCID-IV). 18 subjects randomly were assigned to three experimental groups (each group included 6 subjects) and 6 subjects were assigned to control group and 4 groups were demographically the same. Three experimental groups received one of the three CBT models and control group waited. Subjects completed SPIN, LSAS-SR, BFNE, SIAS, SPS, and NSPS before, after and 1/5 months, 4/5 months and 1 year after ending of treatment/ waiting.
Comparison of the results of 4 groups on the base of the mean of pretest-posttest difference indicated that three experimental groups had significant differences with control group but did not have significant difference with one another. Of course, the mean of difference of the "exposure to self” group had significant differences with control group in all dependent variables (the score of 6 scales), whereas, the means of difference of the “exposure to self-situation” and “exposure to situation” groups had significant differences with control group in some of the six scales. The results suggest three aforementioned therapeutic models had permanence of efficacy but “exposure to self” group had superiorities to “exposure to self-situation” and “exposure to situation” groups in some scales.
three CBT models are useful in Iranian clinical sample but in some evidences, “exposure to self” group had superiorities to “exposure to self-situation” and “exposure to situation” groups in Iranian clinical sample.

Introduction and Temperament and character dimensions associated with response inhibition in children with symptoms of conduct disorder little information is available. Recent studies suggest that dimensions of temperament and character on response inhibition in children with conduct disorder symptoms affect. The study of temperament and character dimensions associated with response inhibition in boys with conduct disorder symptoms were.
his method is a correlation. All first year students study population comprised Kouhdasht city guides were enrolled in the academic year 92-9. The study sample consisted of 90 students, which was the first guide Psrsal (1000 = N) school students were selected by judgment sampling. For data collection, the Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions, color test - word Stroop, structured clinical interview and the Czech CSI lists are used. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression.
The results showed that the modernistic enthusiasm, damage abstain, reward dependence,persistence, collaboration, self-direction and self-inhibition response confronting students with conduct disorder have a significant correlation (p These results suggest that temperament and character dimensions are associated with response inhibition. These results also have important implications in the field of prevention, pathology and treatment of conduct disorder is.

This research has done with the aim of analyzing the role of mothers personality type, specially D type In the prediction of teens positive and negative attitude toward delinquency. for this descriptive – correlation research from the mothers in Hamedan, 100 person with their teenage children were selected with random clustering. mothers receive fredman and roseman, A and B personality type Rahe and soloman, C personality type and denollets D personality type questionnaire and their sons receive attitude toward delinquency. for analyzing the data we use pearsons correlation coefficient and linear multiple regression . the results claim that there is a positive relation between mothers D personality type and positive attitude toward delinquency and negative relation between it and negative attitude toward delinquency in teen and no relation has been found between A,B & C personality type and positive or negative attitude toward delinquency. The results of the regression analyses indicated that 47% of positive attitude toward delinquency variance and 23 % of negative attitude toward delinquency variance explained. this results showed that sons of those mothers who have D personality type are more vulnerable against delinquency. So, as the matter of fact, by adjusting mothers D personality we can prevent and control teens delinquency.

Separation anxiety in children is associated with negative impact on social adjustment and peer relationship, and is a predictor of psychological disorders in adolescent hood. Separation anxiety will persist into adulthood if it is neglected, facing the person with several difficulties therefore, identification of an effective method, such as Modular Cognitive Behavior Therapy (MCBT), for treating separation anxiety in children is aimed in this research.
This is a pilot study with pre-test, post-test, follow-up (two and three months), and control group. The statistical samples (76 children) were selected from 388 preschool and first-grade elementary school students with the symptoms of separation anxiety, using multi-stage stratified sampling design. The samples were divided into two groups (experimental and control) of 33 six-and-seven-year-old children. The experimental group received MCBT, whereas the control group did not. For collecting pre-test, post-test, two-month follow-up, and three-month follow-up data, the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI) was used.
Frequent measurement of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the two groups. Results also suggested that the effects of gender and sex, and interactions of the treatment method with gender and age were significant.
Discussion and Generally, results confirmed the effectiveness MCBT in reducing the symptoms of separation anxiety in six-and-seven-year-old girls and boys. Regarding that the method was more effective with boys, its application to them is recommended.

The aim of this study was Comprsion of the mindful motherhood training and Iranian-Islamic mindful motherhood training on quality of life in pregnant women. Sample was consisted of 36 Primgravidas pregnant mothers (3 month pregnancy) referring to health centers and gynecologists in the city of Isfahan which participated voluntarily and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. During intervention, one participants in both experiment groups were excluded due to medical problems and the need for rest. One individuals in control group were also excluded due to undermined questionnaires and finally 33 individuals could terminate the educational period. All participants responded to demographic and Healthe Related Quality of Lif (SF36) questionnaires before and after the intervention. ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results show that Iranian-Islamic mindful motherhood training increase quality of life (Physical functioning, Role limitations due to physical health, Energy/ fatigue, Pain and General health). Due to effectiveness of mindful motherhood training on quality of life in pregnant women, it is necessary that health professionals pay attention to these interventions along other conventional care methods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of family function in depression and anxiety among adolescents. According to McMaster model, Family functions such as problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and behavior control were examined to evaluate family function. In this descriptive study, Statistical sample was formed from 180 girl adolescents who selected through cluster sampling were studying at first, second and third grad of high school. Demographic Information Form, McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Cattle anxiety scale are applied to collecting data. The results of the study show that the adolescents with anxiety and depression report significantly dysfunctional family functions in subscales such as problem solving, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavior control than healthy adolescents. This study shows that anxiety and Depression is related with dysfunctional family functioning among adolescents. So During psychotherapy of adolescents with anxiety and depression, psychotherapists must be aware of this effect and give importance to relations of the adolescent with their family.

Obtain identity is one of the major developmental challenges that adolescents can prepare to next stage of develop. Therefore, identifying areas for adolescent Obtain identity or fail to face this challenge is important. This research is the kind of fundamental and descriptive that does in the shape of a correlative predicting. The statistical universe in this research, are The third high school students boys of the robatkarim county year 91-92. From this universe by Multi-stage random sampling 300 boys were chosen. For gathering the data were used from Identity Style Inventory with Sixth-grade (ISI-6G), Skowron differentiation of self inventory, Hazen and Shaver attachment styles inventory and Young Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire. To analyzing the data had used from correlation and regression stepwise. The results showed that from predictive variables disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance domains and Secure attachment style are the best predictors of information identity style , and other-directedness domains and fusion with others are the best predictors of normative identity style, also disconnection and rejection domain, Secure attachment style and self I- position are the best predictors of diffuse-avoidant identity style and finally self I- position and Secure attachment style are the best predictors of Commitment identity. According to results of the present study was to achieve a successful identity should pay special attention to a child's early environment. So most of the effects of parent-child relationships season, transferred will be to adolescence and adulthood.

The present study attempts to determine the efficacy of fillial therapy on emotional- social skill of preschool girls. In this study the investigated population was all the preschool girls in Isfahan in scholary year 93-94. The sampling was multistage random. Among regions of Isfahan ore region was selected randomly and among the kindergartens of that region, four kindergartens were selected randomly. Then the translated version of emotional- social skills questionnaire was completed by parents of 5-6 year old preschool girls. Among children who gained the lowest scores in adjusted behaviours and highest scores in nonad justed behaviors 30 girls were selected as the main sample of the study. After interviewing and considering the admintance criteria, the mothers of the girls were put in two 15 subject expremental and control groups. The mothers in experimental group participated in & two hour group therapy. At the end of the & the session the subjects in both experimental and control groups completed the emotional- social questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by Aancova. Firdings show that filial therapy had positive significancant efficacy on emotional- social skill of chidren. p

Nowadays, Facebook has been known as one of the most common Social Networking Site and several factors including the personality and individual motivations can be effective in the way and rate of using this social networking site by users. This study aimed to investigate the role of user's personality and motivational factors for using Facebook. Participants were 540 members of the Facebook users who selected by the method of voluntarily sampling. All of them completed the electronic forms of NEO-Five Factor Inventory questionnaire and the Semnan Questionnaire of Motivation Measuring and Facebook Users Performance. Data were analyzed by Canonical Correlation Method. Results showed that the higher levels of Neuroticism and low levels of conscientiousness are used more than interchangeable / group functions and communicational functions. The higher levels of Neuroticism and low levels of agreeableness were related to the higher levels of motivation of Escape from reality and habit. The higher levels of self-expression, communicational motivations and escape from the reality were related to communicational, interchangeable, group and news functions and getting information. Motivation and personality characteristics of Iranian users can be as the predictive factors of their performances on Facebook.

The main goal of theores of family therapy is focused on marital conflicts. However marital conflicts, still remains a complex issue. Structural Family Therapy is a systematic theoretical approach among the familey therapy approaches that emphasize on creating the organizational family system hierarchy. In a system perspective, conflict was ariseing of any dispute over the authority among the couples. Attributtion style and social well-being has attracted much attention in the research family therapy.
In this quasi-experimental studyTwenty-five women with severe marital conflict placed in the experimental and control groups randomly. The independent variable was Minuchin structural family therapy. Inventory of marital conflict, attribution style and social well-being were used in the pre-test and post-test and follow-up on all subjects.
The results Friedman test and repeated measures showed that minuchin structural family therapy approach effectively and significantly reduced marital conflict, however, it increased the social coherence which is one of the five sub-scales of social well-being and it also increased significantly stability attribution style and attribution style CPCN (positive score combines minus negative score combined) subjects.

The present study is to investigate the relationship between learning self-regulation, parenting style, and students’ upbringing as well as to determine the role of parenting and upbringing method in visualizing self-regulation learning. The sample consists of 313 female students of a high school who were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. Then, the subjects are assessed using Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory (KLSI), Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Self-Regulated Learning Interview Schedule (SRLIS) (Zimmerman & Martinez-Pons, 1986). The obtained results of stepwise Regression model show that among the studied Variables, authoritative parenting style predict 05% and conceptualization predict 08% learning self-regulation and accordingly among the studied variables, authoritative parenting owns the greatest share in visualizing self-regulation learning. this research necessary to address learning styles and parenting styles in the learning process emphasize Self-regulation.

This research was administered with the aim of investigating the structural model of the relationship between narcissistic personality and vulnerable attachment with bullying and psychological capital. Research method was correlation and research statistical population was the employees of Telecommunication Company in Tehran city, among them 345 persons were selected using simple random sampling. Research instrument included psychological capital questionnaire (Golparvar & Vaseghi, 2011), researcher made bullying questionnaire, vulnerable attachment styles questionnaire (Bifulco et al, 2006) and narcissistic personality inventory (Ames et al, 2003). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that, vulnerable attachment has direct and significant relationship with bullying and bullying along with narcissistic personality has direct and significant relationship with psychological capital. Also the results showed that, bullying is a complete mediator variable on the relationship between vulnerable attachments with psychological capital.

The purpose of this study was to design a Questionnaire For Existential Anxiety(death, freedom, loneliness and meaninglessness), and evaluate it,s validity and reliability. The research project was exploratory study of instromentation and validity assessment. This study has three phases The first phase was to investigate the Existential Anxiety theoretical and its conceptual frame, The second phase was to develop a Questionnaire for Existential Anxiety and evaluate its content validity, and the third phase related to validation and reliability of questionnaire. In order to validation and reliability of the questionnaire, 505 students and staffs from 5 University of Tehran were selected using multiphase cluster sample and response to Demoralization scale(translated by Naghiyayi and Bahmani, 2013) and Collett- Lester Death Anxiety scale(1990) to estimate concurrent and convergent validity and Questionnaire for Existential Anxiety as a main tool. Results show that: content validity according to 10 experts rating was 0/95. Concurrent validity and convergent validity was obtained 0/82 and 0/55. Furthermore Questionnaires theoretical structure consist of 4 factor according to Exploratory Factor Analysis and Varimax rotation. So that factors nominated according to theoretical base. Confirmatory factor analysis also indicates the goodness of fit for this factors. Moreover the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was 0/82 and 0/86. according to results achieved so far, can be say that 29 item questionnaire with 4 subscale is available to assess Existential Anxiety in Persian language.