فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 40 (زمستان 1395)

The messianic notion is the light toward the path of Shiites in the era of Absence . In addition, an aspect of the idea was put forward by the Prophet and the Imams in compatibility with the social conditions and problems they have been facing at the time. Finding the components of the plan in each of the Infallible Imams’ words can enlighten the conditions and problems on the age and determine the layout Imams had for occultation.
To serve the messianic ideas, this study places the words addressed by the infallible Imams. The content analysis also categorized according to their statements can specify the layout of each Imam for his period. Considering this in the paper, provides a picture of his plan for dealing with social conditions and problems of each period and also indicates the outline of each Imam’s plan for the Age of Absence.
The findings show that main concern of the Imam in the life and words of Imam Askari, have been the removal of danger from the life of Imam Mahdi and maintaining the beliefs of Shiites in a turbulent era began in Mahdi Absence . Imam Askari won the hand, maintained and reinforced the belief among Shia community with complex behaviors, while kept the birth of Imam Mahdi hidden from enemies, on the other hand. He also drew on words of occultation and way out of its problems, and has outlined the future direction for Shiites.

The occultation era begins with the minor occultation period, in which especially the four lawyers representing the Imam, have the most influence on the Shia. These lawyers’ institution resolved many challenges faced by Imamyiah, representing Shiite in that period. It's important to consider this since there was a challenge after Husayn ibn ruhe Nobakhti, as one of the pillars of four lawyers had to go into hiding and ultimately detained, which causes many problems among the Shia. This article deals with the events of the hiding and imprisonment and will review how he went to jail. Examining the life of Shalmaghany as one of the influential people of the time, pointed out that he could not have been the replacement for lawyer Hussein Bin ruh Nobakhti. At the same time some Shiites could understand his thoughts as extremist and rejected him. Askaffy, as one the people working for the lawyers, had a significant role in opposing him and there is a possibility that he was designated as a representative for lawyer Hussein Bin ruh Nobakhti during imprisonment.

Among the most important issues and differences between Shiites and other religions is a rational necessity for the Infallible Imam, on which argument of ‘favour’ proof is based. The source of such denial can be rooted in doubting the necessity of favour by God and favour by the Imam, or the confusion between 'Moghasemi favor’ and ‘Ghesmi favour’ which means the favor by god and the favor by archangel.
In this paper, with reference to the Islamic Scholars, their intended meaning of the favor by god and necessity of Imam as favor is reviewed. And what is obtained in this paper is that people of faith and practice will depend on the favor by god and Imamate leadership is also an introduction and one of the instances of the favor by god. The Absence of Imam or prophet has occurred in the past and the present and there is no difference between the favor of the Imam, Hidden or present. Hidden Imam also has several benefits, including that he provides the hope and knowledge to uphold religion and that belief in him is a pillar of faith.
The obligation of favor on God does not mean that anyone could make it incumbent upon god to have favor, but in that it is in the nature of God and God's attributes of perfection and avoid inconsistency in traits. Thus, such necessity is appropriate because of nature. This necessity also brings about wisdom and compassion and.

The question of the fate and the end of the long human journey in the land is a long-standing question as the length and breadth of history, inherent in human existence. In the same way that man asks about the origin of the creation, the question of his destination and the end of times is the question. Today, the question of the end of history and times has become a dominant discourse in academic centers, research, media and even research centers affiliated with the military authorities in the West. Speaking of the end of history; however, is not a matter confined to the West. In the divine teachings of Islam, attention has been given to this issue, especially with explanations of the Apocalypse and other related concepts. Although this issue has not been specifically mentioned in the Quran, but in some verses, explanations are used to refer to the apocalypse and the end of times. Unlike Western contemporary ideas, the end of times, from the Quranic perspective, is a comforting and encouraging final.
The research method was a combination of traditional methods, historical and content analysis methodology. The findings of this study shows that a kind of special evangelism in which society is refined from idolatry and blasphemy, and adorned with faith and obedience, and is full of material blessings to the righteous believers. At the end of Times, according to interpretations from the Quran, the believers will be blessed with endowments, as findings of this study, as also a world government brings God's rule to the Earth and appoints the righteous people, worthy of the Lord, in power and they are commanded by God to do this.

The Holy Quran as eternal divine book and final religion that offers coherent thought about various aspects of politics and political life with a religion approach. Many orientalists believe that there is ahistorical rather than essential link between Islam and politics. They mention that Madani Surahs are about politics (the Surahs of Quran that are divine revelations of Prophet Muhammad in Medinah), in contrast with Makki Surahs (the Surahs of Quran that are divine revelations of Prophet Muhammad in Mecca). However, this paper, by referring to a Makki Surah (Thudd) aims to show that serious attention has been paid in Islam to politics and government. Apart from stressing the importance of political power in Islam, this paper also argue for the political rule of the prophet and his rightful Imams that will ultimately culminate with Imam Mahdi at the end of times. In addition, some features of Mahdi (Mahdavi) government is extracted from this chapter (Surah) are the firmness of government, the ability to do error-free judgments and implement complete justice, the enjoyment of wisdom and knowledge necessary for management of society, such as the abilities similar to the Prophet Solomon and conquer all the powers, the full competence to be safe from errors and the evil influence and guarantee against corruption of power as it is the rule of the innocent Imam, the divine approval of government, the rule according to the book of Allah, the Prophet and other saints, etc.

History is nothing but a reflection of the sustained and relentless conflict between right and wrong. The confrontation continuously flows between supporters of the two from dawn of history and in different fields of life. This article is written in response to the human age-old question that who will be the victor and the heirs of the earth? In this study in which the comparative method of interpretation is used, the author concludes that some experts believe that the promised inheritance happens in accordance with the unique revelation and interpreted in certain instances. And others, maintain that the relevant verses entail a certain tradition which have many examples of conflict in history between the pious and non- pious And true and perfect applicable in the evening reappearance of Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him) will be achieved. of this article is to encourage second opinions. Review of both comments and reinforcing the second view is my aim.

In the modernity, the identifying of possible risks and ways to attain a better future was considered important in the opinion of many West thinkers. So each of them Portrayed an aspect of future that they were mainly humanist. But their perspectiv were challenged during the time. Actually new condition postmodern age didn’t Reduced the disappointment of the failure of the utopias that Westrn intellectuals had made in their minds. Untile in the recent decads Politicians and writers Western inspired by the vision of Arrogance considered the discourse of Shiite Mahdaviat is a serious threat against the interests of the future of the West. However contemporary global developments and commitment to religious belief, led many Muslim scholars to this direction that create strong ideas for approaching and necessites of the current and future world, relying on the power of the teachings of Islam. Therefore, this article tries to take a step, however small, on the way the issues and stated goals.We want to extract the components of the universal future in the Nodbeh, Eftetah and Ahd supplications with qualitative content analysis method.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of psychological and spiritual well-being lifestyle based on Mahdism in male students of the third year of secondary education, the first period was a city of Ardabil. The population of this study included all secondary school students in 1393 was the third year of the first period. The test was conducted on 120 students, among them 46 students who received the lowest scores on tests of life, as the sample was selected. The subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups were replaced. Measuring instruments The study included questionnaires Islamic life style short form Kavyani, Psychological well-being, and spiritual well-being Dehshir, respectively. The pre-posttest control group design study and follow-up. Life style education based on messianism, 8 sessions of 50 minute test was applied only to groups. In order to analyze the test data of the analysis of variance (MANCOVA) using computer software was used SPSS20. The results showed that training can increase psychological well-being and spiritual lifestyle Mahdavi is students. The sustainability assessment study has shown the same result.

Mirza Abul-Fadl Gulpaygani is a skilled missionary of Babbi sect who matches the book, "Day of the advent period," to the period of Ali Muhammad Shirazi’s life as Mahdi. He used the Quran and hadith textual arguments, and seeks to preach his messianic claims about his emergence. In regard to the three verses of Surahs of Hajj, Sojdeh and Saba, he also cited evidence denying the finality of Islam that is a principle in Islam as a religion. He also imposes his own misconceptions and false interpretation to Quran without proper evidence and reason, and also called three narratives from someone called Abi Lobaid, both him and the narrative are unverified. He also cites the Mofazel bin Omar’s narrative with some distortion of it and another tradition from the prophet which is in fact fabricated, to conclude 1260 as the figure that Mohammad ali Babb has emerged. The techniques used by him is partly impositions, partly distortions, false similarities and fabrications that are not sufficient to prove his claims. This paper reviews the arguments in the book called Faraed, criticizing and analyzing them.

Employing the effective communication approaches based on scientific and psychological methods and using dialogue and ways of communication are novel approaches used as a means of claiming new and heretical sects regarding Imamate and Mahdism.
Many of the leaders and followers of these groups use special methods of communication, sought to attract the gullible people and encourage them in entering their profession and their faith. In the meantime, the "Motemahdyan" (those who claim to be Imam Mahdi) and "false claims" (claims on working or representing on behalf of Imam Mahdi or his embassy), have a special place. This is an issue that has become one of the fatal injuries to the religious thought, which is prevailing in our society and has become as a religious problem. It is necessary to rely on different approaches, sociological, psychological as well as religious to address this issue. In this paper, we have tried to analyze the approaches and programs of false messianic claims in their communication, interaction and how to attract your audience, and examine them in a systematic way to investigate the consequences, and pay special attention to the effects and origins of the false claimants. Bahai faith is one of these sects that have been particularly focused in this study.

Waiting for the savior has been a widespread belief, including Sunni Islamist groups who have accepted it in general. The Sunni hadith literature have mentioned waiting or expectations in different traditions narrated that some of them explicitly addressed the issue of waiting and others have referred to it implicitly. The difference between explicit and implicit Al Entezar traditions is that they tried to explain and justify categories in the former with the specific approach and the latter with a general approach. In the Sunni hadith collections, the general expectation implies uttered logic and in accordance with compatibility, and the specific is discussed with certain conceptual and guaranteed concepts. Thus, in the Sunni hadith sources, the traditions that have been narrated as to the specific expectancy are very limited and secondly, even this limited number also refer to the general concept of the expected, not the special. However, these sources, which are referred to as the implicit are firstly, many traditions such as Momhadoon al Mahdi, Rayat al Sud, the emergence of Mojaddadyn, Seyed Khorasani, which have been quoted extensively and secondly, all these traditions are pointing to the concept of the expected in a specific justification approach, not the general.
The outcome of the investigation by implementing a multi-purpose method are provided: 1. Isolation of the concept of general expectation from a specific expectation; 2. separation of expectancy traditions between explicit and implicit Al Entezar traditions; 3. focus on the explicit Al Entezar traditions with a general approach; 4. focus on the implicit Al Entezar traditions with specific approach; 5. dissemination and highlighting of a specific expectation among Sunni; 6. strengthening and capacity building for specific expectation among Ahlul Sunna or Sunni.