فصلنامه سخن جامعه
پیاپی 7 (زمستان 1394)

Investigation of the relationship between a science and the others is among the impotent topics in that arena. Since “existence” or “existent” are raised as the subject of philosophy and mysticism, it is necessary to investigate the differences and similarities between these two sciences in order to avoid confusions and clarify the relationship between them. This is a desk study, in which the differences and similarities between these two sciences are described and explained. General rules of existence are discussed in philosophy. If all of these characteristics including the general rules related to all or most of the existents and also the minor rules for all existents are put together in one single science, this can be called general “philosophy” that includes all natural sciences. It can also be referred as general philosophy vs. specific philosophy. General philosophy includes “absolute being”, i.e. all creatures and all general and minor rules, while the specific philosophy is “the absolute” and only studies the existent in respect to general rule, and it does not cover the minor rules. In fact, the minor rules of each existent is investigated in a specific science such as physics, mathematics, biology, or even theology. Now, if God is the subject of mysticism and the mystics believe that the existence is limited to God (Al-Haqq) and the whole universe is the symbol and glory of this unique truth, all sciences are in fact describing the supreme God (Al-Haqq). Therefore, mysticism can be considered as “the absolute”; that’s why mysticism is as general as philosophy and the only difference is in their .viewpoint on the existence.

Qasamah is concisely investigated in this essay. It includes the definition of Qasamah both lexicologically and terminologically, being original or Amarah (circumstantial evidence), duties of the judge, the performance quality, and the legal viewpoint on Qasamah both in Islam and among other nations. In order to discuss Qasamah, this paper takes an inter-religious approach based on the jurisprudential regulations Islam and the acts approved the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Since the quality of performing this affair has also been investigated within an Islamic government, some parts seem to be legal, which are mentioned along the paper.

New discourses on sexual issues were developed at the beginning of twentieth century. Among these were the new arguments about homosexuality that developed various points of view. Some believed it as a natural and inborn behavior, while others claimed that homosexuality is against human nature. This essay tries to investigate the viewpoint from both sides to answer the following questions: Are homosexual behaviors in accordance with human nature? Can homosexual behaviors by animals be offered as reason to also call it natural among human beings? What is the reason of homosexual behaviors expressed by children? How can we justify the presence of homosexuals in the society? Has anybody cured homosexuality so far? Are the bad effect of homosexuality limited to the social attitude towards the homosexual?

Considering human’s improvements today, some basic questions are raised. One eagerly wants to answer such question, otherwise he cannot find piece in spite of the all modern facilities. Despite all developments in different arenas, there human is not still satisfied with his life and there is sense of confusion. This necessitates the presence of an Imam or leader in the society. Therefore, Imamate and leadership of the society is one of the most important issues today. The presence of an imam who governs all human beings is a necessity. According to the Shias, the universal leadership is incarnated in Muhammad al-Mahdi at the time of reappearance. But, there are some doubts about the existence of such imam. The present paper aims to prove the presence of Imam of the time, applying the verses of Quran and also some discussions by philosophers.

The present essay tries to analyze social actions from the viewpoint of the Noble Quran. The discussion on Mutrafin is among the most important Quranic and sociological issues. It is useful, both scientifically and practically, to resolve the aforesaid issue. This is an analytic and documentary essay, i.e. the individual and social characteristics of Mutrafin were collected, then their advertising tools were mentioned, and finally the consequences were discussed. This can be investigated in two aspects: 1. Mutrafin from an individual perspective, and 2. Mutrafin from a social perspective. This can be known as a concept that considerably affects the society. Therefore, the society may collapse if no one stops them. Firstly, the issue is accurately studied both lexicologically and terminologically in this essay, then after mentioning the characteristics of Mutrafin, the consequences of Etraf (luxuriousness) and the ultimate destiny of Mutrafin is discussed.

One of the important and definitive steps in realization of a successful marriage is to choose a suitable spouse. The increasing trend of divorce in the first years of marriage indicates the lack of volunteers’ insight in different affairs like choosing their mates. As a reviver ideology, Islam ensures human’s prosperity. When it comes to choosing a spouse, there are many standards presented by Islam. Paying attention to these standards paves the way for a desirable marriage. The standards of choosing a spouse from the viewpoint of Islam are investigated in this paper.

In the paste, some believed that a female has no identity as human beings. Some even underestimate her down to livestock, while Islam considered a high value for women and place them in the same level as men. According to Islam, the only scale to measure one’s value and his closeness to God is piety: “The most honorable among you in the sight of God is the most pious of you” (Al-Hujurat: 13). This paper firstly aims to study what men and women have in common and then it comes to the difference between them. According to the religion, men and women are equal. Of course, equality doesn’t mean that they are similar in all aspects. When it comes to creation of male and female, the right assumption is that they both come from the same nature. This equality leads to equal results, for instance, knowing god, religion compatibility, the knowledge of good and evil, etc. on the other hand, there are some intellectual differences causing men to be considered as women’s director. Moreover, man is physically more capable of doing hard tasks. As to emotions and feeling, women are pretty stronger. Also when it comes to sexual desire, men are usually rebellious and stronger than women. All these difference have led men and women to live together peacefully. The verse “... mates from your own selves that you may take comfort in them” (Al-Rum: 21) is a case in point.