مجله مدیریت نوآوری
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 16، تابستان 1395)

Over the past decade open innovation has been of interest to several researchers as one of the innovation management theories. The researchers believe that the adoption and efficacy of this approach are influenced by different internal and external contingencies to the firm. The sector or industry’s contextual properties and institutional environment conditions are those external contingencies affect open innovation in the firms. Advanced materials sector as one the pillars of the knowledge-based economy has been less studied by innovation management scholars. In addition, a review of the literature indicates a lack of in-depth research on the adoption and efficacy of open innovation in the context of developing countries, especially in Iran. Identifying these research gaps, this study using qualitative approach based on multiple case studies examines the open innovation among advanced materials firms in Iran. The results of this study supporting incidence of the open innovation among firms in the sector reflect the dominance of inbound open innovation strategy using financial and non-financial methods. The studied firms, use open innovation strategies to overcome both technical and market challenges. Although the studies firms face several challenges in their open innovation practices, expansion of higher education and research and spread of the internet are the factors facilitating the adoption of open innovation among Iranian firms.

There is a diverse range of evidence which emphasis on the role of collective action in the process of institutional change. Collective collaboration as well as individualistic profit seeking activities of Entrepreneurs are two complementary wings of institutional and technical change in innovation systems. In this article, based on empirical evidence from Iran Bio-pharmaceutical sector, we developed a framework to link institutional change of innovation systems to practices and institutional Entrepreneurs (IEs). Then we examined to what extent IE's practices are collective.
We analysed Institutional change as a shift from supplier dominated governmental firms to science based private firms. Then we analysed four practices as mainly influential practices with institutional change effects, and finally we elaborate IEs who are actively involved in directing practices. Our analysis showed that in all practices, collective action has been influential. We also find that there is a network of entrepreneurs who are involved in all practices. These IEs are from both governmental and non-governmental organizations and they played formal as well as informal roles in directing practices. Our analysis criticizes both government-centric as well as individualistic views of institutional and technical change in catching up innovation systems.

It is essential to consider policy assessment in policy cycle. However, Ex-ante Evaluation has been rarely reviewed in the policy evaluation literature. in the article, a five-phase process of ex-ante evaluation of science and technology policies in policy cycle using grounded theory is offered. for this purpose, through literature review, ten keywords were searched and finally, having chosen 50 selected texts,open and axial coding was done. then, using structured interview to experts, process of ex-ante evaluation of institutional compatibility was extracted Here, the first step is classifying the policy options. Through second step, Crucial Institutional Aspects (CIA) are identified in the policy cycle context. By determining some indicators, the third step measures these CIAs. The forth step analyzes the policy impacts, and in the fifth step, these analysis are used to modify policy instruments with regards to the target institutions. this suggested process in many facets of literature is a new subject and tool for policy makers to be able to ex-ante evaluation of policies.

Evaluation in venture capital industry is one of the most challenging issues from practitioners and researchers view. The limit time of evaluation, lack of financial data especially from ventures, heuristics and biases in evaluating and some other issues differentiate venture capital evaluation process from other investment methods. Also speed and accuracy in evaluation are two key success factors for venture capitalists. In this paper we attempt to overcome some of evaluation challenges by using several mathematical methods including data envelopment analysis (DEA), cross efficiency and VIKOR. The method is able to decrease screening time, reduce biased effects and enable group decision making under variety of weights. This method won’t need any weights as they are calculated within the model. For this purpose some interview were done and domestic criteria are extracted. The performance of the proposed model is investigated by the aid of the Hatef Company case study. Thereafter, this paper present a group of domestic criteria and a standard and mathematical method to support decision making without any need for criteria weights or normalization. The results derived from the model are similar to experts opinions about the best project but there are not adequate data to compare ranking of another projects with expert opinions.

The decision-making process of entrepreneurs is not appropriately explainable through utilizing teleological approach. Through a non-teleological approach and employing a grounded theory research design, this research aims to explore a process of new venture creation decision-making in a sample of nascent entrepreneurs in Iranian high-tech businesses. Data collection was conducted through qualitative event-based interviews with 20 nascent entrepreneurs of the research theoretical sample. Analysis of gathered data was done by three integrated procedures of open, axial and selective coding. Results determine six categories as constituent elements of the studied process. These categories are "entrepreneur’s properties and background", "specific contextual conditions", "general contextual conditions", "entrepreneurial orientation and competency", "identification, evaluation and empowerment" and "venture creation decision". Propositions concerning the relationships between the categories, lead to development of the model of new venture creation decision-making in the sample of entrepreneurs of Iranian high-tech businesses. Moreover, the studied process is explained by the story line of the substantive grounded theory.

The main purpose of New Product Developement Process of defense products is transforming different needs to a product or a system that fulfill the needs. NPD process consists of six phases: idea development, concept development, planning, engineering & production design and development, validation, precommercialization and markrt launch.
In this paper were going to discuss the role of technology management and its related capabilities in new defense products and systems acquisition process and in each of seven phase, and discuss role of technology management and it's important and essential tools in each phase. For understanding this relationship, after interviews with experts of defense industries, initially the tools associated with technology management that are used at different phases identified and then a Fuzzy seven scaled  questionnaire designed. After distributing the questionnaire and collecting them, by using the Fuzzy Delphi Technique the data analyzed. The results showed that Management of technology as one of the most important tools in defense new products development process, is more influential in initial phases. As we’re close to the end of NPD process, role of technology management become less influential. Role of management of technology as supporting tool in NPD process is very huge and undeniable and in this paper we aim to comprehensively cover this role. Finally by using the Fuzzy Logic, 14 processes and 8 tools associated with technology management identified and analyzed.