مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 412 (هفته چهارم بهمن 1395)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major nosocomial pathogens with a vast antibiotic resistance and great ability in adaptation with environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and bacterial detection using Exotoxin A (ETA) and algD genes in patients with burns wound infection.
In this study, 188 samples were evaluated with standard bacteriological methods. After antibiotic resistance evaluation with disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), specific primers for detection of algD and ETA genes among bacterial isolate were used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: From 188 taken samples, 91 isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiotic resistance rate for cefotaxime, cefepime, amikacin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were 80 (87.9%), 77 (84.6%), 69 (75.8%), 67 (73.6%), 66 (72.6%), 63 (69.2%), 62 (68.2%) and 53 (58.2%), respectively. The prevalence of algD and ETA genes were 88 (96.7%) and 79 (87.0%), respectively.
The high prevalence of algD and ETA genes among burns wound infections demonstrates the increase in pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and problems with burn wound infection treatment. Therefore, accurate and rapid diagnosis of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be useful in taking proper strategy for prevention and treatment of such infections.

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are population of cells isolated from adipose tissue. hADSCs have ability to differentiate along multiple cell lineages and secret verity of growth factors, which affect the neighboring cells. Previous studies had assessed the effects of hADSCs and their conditioned medium on neural cells. To our knowledge, there were no studies done on the effects of hADSCs on retinal cells in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hADSCs and their conditioned medium on retinal cell survival and migration in vitro.
The adipose tissue samples were obtained from a healthy donor after signing the consent. The stem cells were isolated and expanded through several subcultures. Rat retinal explants were isolated and cultured on coated wells. Retinal explants were co-cultured with hADSCs (direct) and their conditioned medium (indirect) for 1, 7 and 14 days.
Findings: There were significant differences (P These data suggest that hADSCs and their conditioned medium improve retinal cell survival and migration in vitro culture environment. We hope that our study paves the way to use these cells for treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.

Biological effects of ultrasound waves and their applications in the presence of nanoparticles are a rapidly growing research area. In recent years, ultrasonic therapy of cancer cells has been developed successfully. In this study, effects of ultrasound waves in the presence of gold nanoparticles on the melanoma cells were evaluated.
The Melanoma cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups of control, gold nanoparticle, ultrasound alone and ultrasound waves at the presence of gold nanoparticle. Ultrasound irradiation at intensity of 2 W/cm2 was performed on the cells for 3 minutes.
Findings: There was a significant difference in the percent of cell viability between the ultrasound gold nanoparticles and the other groups. In addition, there was a significant difference between the ultrasound and the control groups, too.
Results of this study reveal that ultrasound in the presence of gold nanoparticles can be efficiently used for treatment of melanoma cells; as gold nanoparticles act as cavitation nuclei.

For postoperative pain control, numerous methods and medications have been suggested, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and narcotics. Pethidine, as a narcotic analgesic, and ketorolac as an NSAID and acetaminophen, are widely used for pain control. In this study, the effect of ketorolac and acetaminophen on postoperative pain was compared with pethidine in the lower abdominal and genital surgeries in children.
In a double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 64 children undergoing lower abdominal and genital surgeries were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. At the end of the surgery and before extubation, the first group received 10-15 mg/kg acetaminophen suppository and 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ketorolac and the second group received 1 mg/kg intravenous pethidine. Postoperative pain [using Objective pain scale (OPS)] and complications were evaluated and compared until 24 hours after the surgery.
Findings: Postoperative pain relief was similar in the two groups up to half an hour (OPS of 5.38 ± 1.93 vs. 5.44 ± 2.04); but, from 1 to 24 hours postoperatively, pain scores were significantly higher in the pethidine group (P 0.05). No other complication was observed in the patients.
Ketorolac and acetaminophen are two frequently used non-opioid analgesics that may be used in combination for effective pain control after surgical procedures in children.

One of the global reproductive health priorities is adolescent reproductive health. Adolescent's reproductive health affects health aspects, formation of beliefs and socio-economic development of the society. In Iran, as the adolescents form a large part of the population, this issue has a special importance. Achieving the reproductive health goals is not possible without the knowledge, attitude and participation; and getting aware properly from puberty and sexual and reproductive health issues prevents many problems that can be risks. This study aimed to review the educational needs of Iranian adolescents for sexual and reproductive health.
In this review study, using keywords Iranian adolescent, puberty, sexual behavior, sexual health and sexual and reproductive health, Iranian related studies were searched in scientific databases from 1998 to 2015. Out of 52 qualitative and quantitative articles, 37 articles related to our aim according to the inclusion criteria of this review article, were studied.
Findings: Adolescent sexual reproductive needs and problems were integrated in three main domains: adolescent's domain (knowledge and attitude, information sources), school and family domain (role of parents and teachers, the content of the curriculum, time and manner of curriculum’s implementation) and Islam domains. The significant issues in this period were incorrect learning and unreliable sources of information, unawareness of adolescents, their parents and teachers from reproductive health needs, and religious orders.
Unfortunately, because of the shame, taboos, and cultural and social beliefs in society, appropriate education of sexual reproductive health for adolescents had been neglected in family and school. Besides, these issues did not inserted in textbooks.