نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناختی
پیاپی 49 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

The documentary movie, “Baad-e Jen ” made by Naser Taghvai represents the “Zaar” ritual at the south of Iran. The paper tries to answer the following questions: what aspects of this rite are represented in this movie? Were the movie “Baad-e Jen” able to document the social functions of this ceremony? And more importantly, does this ritual give a tangible meaning to people’s lives? Thus, the two dimensional theoretical synthesis of the “Dual conflicts theory” of Lévi Strauss and “the role of rituals in solving the human conflicts” of Mary Douglas were used. The methodologies used in this study were the qualitative content analysis and the topic inductive conception. Findings analysis were conducted using the maxqda10 qualitative data analysis software were used and in order to increase the reliability, the intercoder agreement tool of the software were used. 5 dual conflicts were resulted from the context analysis of the movie. conflicts include: the conflict of Heath and Disease, the conflict of crowd-individual, the conflict of relatives and outsiders, the conflict of Good and Bad, and the conflict of nature and supernatural. the most important result of this study is that firstly, the conflicts observed by Strauss in human nature and his behaviors seem correct and secondly, as Douglas has mentioned, these conflicts are solved in the form of Baad-e Jen ritual and the ways it is treated also are solved by these rituals, thus human can live a life of traditions and be released from its conflicts.

Islamic fundamentalism is the product of political modernity in the Middle East. This formation is due to the orientalist representation of the Islamic world. In the center of the West’s Representation policies, the political Islam and its embodied violence have been saw as the essential of Islam and considered as the collective spirit of Muslims. The outcome of this process is de-historicizing of Islamic world and myth-making out of it. One of the means of myth-making in the Islamic world is media reflection. The West has a widespread hegemony over publishing media images, one of the main media focuses of Islam and Muslims and consequently proliferating Islamophobia policies is publishing caricatures related to the Islam Prophet in recent years. Barthe’s mythology provides us with a critical outlook by means of which we can decode myth in the present time and decipher the basci ideology of it. This study, by taking into account the presupposition that images have social-historical implications, tries to semioticize the caricatures of the Prophet in the light of a mythological system. Finally, the latent myths in these caricatures have been revealed and their social-historical implications have been decoded. Islamic terrorism, the clash of civilizations and the end of history are myths propagated by these caricatures and naturalize the political Islam. The aim behind these myths is to defamiliarize the process of capital flow under the cover of war against terrorism and defense of expression freedom. These hegemonic images are process of systematic de-politicizing from global ravage and plunder which is guided by populist and conservative currents.

The representation of Kurds in post-revolutionary Iranian cinema is based on a binary opposition according to which they are either a traditional, hospitable and simple-hearted people or some aggressive, deceived and restive one. This picture which has been showed especially in a genre named Defamogadas and some other films and serials was itself basically the result of tensions occurred during the early years of revolution and Iraq war. After the war this image of the Kurds changed gradually. Some writers and artists tended to represent a more realistic image of this ethnic group. Takhtesyah and Bad Ma ra Khahad Bord are the products of this period. These two films were produced at the end of eightieth and tried to show a very different picture of the Kurds. This article attempts to interpret this image using postcolonial theoretical concepts and symptomatic reading in methodology. The findings show that the image of the Kurds in these two films is made through using old and common perceptions of them in Iranian oral culture. According to this perception, the Kurds are identifies with images like pure nature, old lifestyle, simple-mindedness and resistant to progress.

Modern Iranian intellectualas played a crucial role in the establishment of the "constitutional state" with democratic and constitutionalistic demands and the emergence of "Rezakhan government" relying on a tyrannical coup d'état in a short period of time (1285-1304).
This article deals with the evolution of the Iranian intellectual's discourse from the constitutional revolution up to the emergence of Rezakhan government and demonstrates how the constitutionalistic cause was substituted for tyranny and obligatory (Zoor) practices were substituted for pursuing awareness. The intellectual's attitude towards the people (Mardom) evolved and the claim that the "insane people" (Mardom-e-Nadan) needs "education" (Tarbiat) became the central point in social and cultural policy making during Reazakhan government.
Although the constitutional state faced a great deal of problems from the very beginning of its establishment and was not able to fulfill its promises because of internal disagreements and external defiances of the powerful traditional structures of the Iranian society, the incidence of the World War I had a remarkable influence on the evolution of the intellectual's discourse. In fact, the War threatened social and political structures of the Iranian society and ignored its territorial integrity and political govrnance and resulted in failure of the constitutional movement.
On the other hand, groups of the intellectuals supporting both sides of the War actively participated in it and the experience of the people's refusal in response to their call for helping them ended in change of their attitude towards the people (Mardom) and their ethos and qualifications.
At the end of this period, "the education of the nation" (Tarbiat-e-Mellat) and the necessity of making them to participate in the modernization programs turned out to be the most fundamental proposition of the intellectual's discourse relying on Rezakhan's enlighted tyranny. Faucoultian way of analysis is utilized to explain the evolution of the discourses.

This study was conducted sociological factors affecting the tendency of students to vandalism. This study is survey reaserch and tools information collection is questionaire. The population, high school students in Tehran Sample size with Cochran formula is 384 persons and inorder to acces to total population used simple random and cluster samplnig. The theoretical framework of this research is the failure theories Mnrlty Cohen, lower-class culture Miller, anomie, the differential companion Sutherland, anomie theory and family structure and socialization have formed. In order to assess the validity have used from methods face validity and techniques Confirmatory Factor analysis and In order to assess the Reliability used from CronbachsCoefficient Alpha. So inorder to analyze in formation, we have used spss and lisrel And to investigate the factors influencing the tendency of students to vandalism used from Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. The results showed that relative deprivation feeling, the feeling of anomie and associate with delinquent peers is a significant inverse relationship with the tendency of students to vandalism And variables economic-social and socialization relationship direct and significant with tendency of students to vandalism, also results of structural equation modeling showed that 24 percent of changes tendency to vandalism explained by the independent variables.

This study was conducted sociological factors affecting the tendency of students to vandalism. This study is survey reaserch and tools information collection is questionaire. The population, high school students in Tehran Sample size with Cochran formula is 384 persons and inorder to acces to total population used simple random and cluster samplnig. The theoretical framework of this research is the failure theories Mnrlty Cohen, lower-class culture Miller, anomie, the differential companion Sutherland, anomie theory and family structure and socialization have formed. In order to assess the validity have used from methods face validity and techniques Confirmatory Factor analysis and In order to assess the Reliability used from CronbachsCoefficient Alpha. So inorder to analyze in formation, we have used spss and lisrel And to investigate the factors influencing the tendency of students to vandalism used from Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. The results showed that relative deprivation feeling, the feeling of anomie and associate with delinquent peers is a significant inverse relationship with the tendency of students to vandalism And variables economic-social and socialization relationship direct and significant with tendency of students to vandalism, also results of structural equation modeling showed that 24 percent of changes tendency to vandalism explained by the independent variables.