نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال چهاردهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 89، اسفند 1395)

Pregnancy of a woman is one of the most stressful periods during her life. Stress in pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding time can cause adverse results of pregnancy. Considering the importance of the mental health of pregnancy period, that can have significant impact on mother health and also on mental and physical health of baby, we decided to do a study to determine the relationship between stress in pregnancy and its outcomes on pregnant mothers in Miandoab.
This longitudinal study was done on110 pregnant women in Fatimazahra hospital, and health care centers in miandoab from November 2015 to late March 2016. All available mothers, who were on 24-28weeks of their pregnancy were selected for the study. Cohen perceived stress questionnaires and demographical information were completed by mothers in their 28-32 and 32-36 weeks of their pregnancy. In their delivertime, Cohen Perceived Stress questionnaires and questions about pregnancy outcomes in each follow-up were completed by mothers again. All obtained data were analyzed statistically (by spss version 23 and P There was a significant relationship between the average of perceived stress score by mothers and preeclampsia (P=0.008) and also spotting and bleeding during pregnancy (P=0.03). There was a negative significant relationship between perceived stress score by mothers score and newborns weight (P=0.039), and newborns height (P=0.014). A significant relationship between the stress score in 32-36 weeks and soaking up the baby with meconium was also found (P=0.018).
According to undesirable results that stress can have in pregnancy and delivery and also on the newborn, it is recommended to apply mental health screening in pregnancy and stress reduction techniques at this period.

Understanding the identity styles of adolescents with cancer can predict the progress in their academic self-regulation. The present study was performed to determine the relationship between identity styles and academic self-regulation in adolescents of Kermanshah city in school year 2015-2016.
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 269 adolescents with cancer that were covered by the Mahak institute in school year 2015-2016. Data sampling method was simple random sampling method. The main tool for data collection contains Berzonsky Identity Style questionnaire and Ryan & Connell questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 22, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression test).
Significant positive relationships were found between academic self-regulation and informational identity style (r= 0.397 and p=0.0001), normative identity style and academic self-regulation (r= 0.309 and p= 0.0001), identity commitment and academic self-regulation (r= 0.287, p=0.0001). However, there was a significant negative correlation between confusion / avoidance and academic self-regulation (r= -0.189 and p=0.002). The informational identity style and confusion/ avoidance style predicted academic self-regulation significantly (regression coefficient 0.259 and -0.147).
The results showed that among identity styles, informational style and avoidant identity style had a greater share in anticipation of self-regulation. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, special workshops for parents and teachers and young people in secondary schools should be held to help identify processes (especially education and informational identity style).

The weight at birth is an important health indicator of infants. Underweight infant’s birth is one of the major health problems and most fundamental causes of infant’s death. This study was performed to determine the relation of mothers’ demographic factors with underweight infant’s birth as meta-analysis in Iran.
This study is a meta-analysis of mothers’ demographic factors with underweight infant’s birth in Iran, which was conducted on published articles in the country. In this aim by searching the information at SID, Medlib, Irandoc, Google scholar, Pubmed, ISI, Iranmedex, Scopus and Magiran, using key words and their compounds, all related articles were extracted independently by two trained researchers. The results of studies analyzed using the STATA and Spss20 software.
In the initial searching of 49 articles, 28 articles met inclusion criteria for study. Mother’s pre-pregnancy weight (OR: 2/28, CI%95: 1/42-5/61), and mother's job (OR: 1/15, CI%95: 0/72-1/84), respectively, has got the most and the least relation with the underweight infant’s birth.
According to the results of the study, there is significant relationship between underweight infant’s birth and mother’s pre-pregnancy weight, mother’s age under 19 years, mother’s education and place of residence. Thus the control of mentioned risk factors in the mothers before the pregnancy can lead to the reduction of the underweight infant’s birth.

Fatigue is one of the main symptoms in heart failure that leads to intolerance in activities and loss of independence in self-care. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of energy conservation techniques on the fatigue in patients with heart failure.
We conducted a Quasi-experimental study on 51 patients with heart failure by convenience sampling. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The samples were divided into two groups, experimental and control, by the randomization method. Energy conservation techniques (ECT) were taught to the experimental group so that they applied these techniques in their daily activities within 6 weeks. Both group completed the FSS questionnaire at the end of the duration. We analyzed the obtained data by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, Independent T test and paired T test.
The results showed that after doing ECT by experimental group, the mean of fatigue severity scores in experimental group reduced. However, in the control group, the mean of the fatigue severity scores increased. In both groups, the difference of mean scores before and after intervention was significant. In general, comparison of mean scores of fatigue severity between two groups was not significant.
Energy conservation techniques as a non-drug approach lead into reducing the fatigue in patients with heart failure and can be used easily.

Heart failure is one of the most common chronic diseases which forces a huge cost to the health system. To manage the heart failure, there are several strategies. One of these methods is self-management program. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-management program on self-efficacy in elderly patients with heart failure.
This study was a single blind clinical trial which was carried out on 90 patients with heart failure class 2 and 3 who referred to Neyshabour 22 Bahman hospital.
The participations were randomly assigned into two (n=45) interaction & control groups. Self-management program included awareness and recognition, problem-solving process, diet, exercise, stress management, who were trained for six weeks. The patients were followed for two months. Data were collected with using of demographic characteristics questionnaire and self -efficacy of cardiac patients before, after, and eight weeks after intervention Data analyses were done by chi-square, independent t-test, Fisher, and ANOVA with repeated measures.
The results showed that patients in both groups were matched in terms of background factors before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean efficacy in two groups (p>0/05). However, by measuring twice after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean efficacy in two groups (p According to the findings, we can conclude convincing the patients to perform long-term behavior changes, and adhering them to drug regimens may be an appropriate method. Therefore this program can be used strategically to promote the health of patients with heart failure.

One of the important tasks in managing labor is improving delivery outcome. Maternal pushing during the second stage of labor is an important variable to affect this. This study is done to investigate the effect of breathing technique of blowing on delivery outcome.
This study was a clinical trial which involved 166 nulliparous pregnant women performed at Kamali Hospital in IRAN. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups using breathing techniques (case group) and valsalva maneuver (control group). In the control group, pushing was done with holding the breath. In the breathing techniques group, the women were asked to take 2 deep abdominal breaths at the onset of pain, then take another deep breath, and push 4-5 seconds with the open mouth while controlling the exhalation. And from the crowning stage onward, the women were directed to control their pushing, and do the blowing technique.
The results showed that concerning the length of second stage of labor, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.619). In breathing techniques group, the first and fifth minute Apgar was higher (P = 0.044), while the frequency of abnormal fetal heart rate was higher in control group (P = 0.002).
The results showed that the use of breathing techniques in second stage of labor, likely improve neonatal outcome while it does not affect on the length of second stage of labor.

Anxiety is one of the most common and most important psychological reactions of patients with acute myocardial infarction. This has very negative effect on prognosis of the disease and the patient’s physical and mental recovery.This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on the anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction.
it was a semi experimental study. 120 patients with myocardial infarction hospitalized to CCU Miyandoab Abbassi Hospital were selected based on inclusion criteria and divided into two groups. In this study, the control group received routine care and for the intervention group was used cardiac rehabilitation For 12 weeks. Data were collected by demographics checklist and Spiel Berger anxiety questionnaire that was completed in admission time and 3 months after discharge. Data was analyzed with Chi-square, t-test and paired t-test and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) by spss version 16.
The results showed that the cardiac rehabilitation had significant effects on reducing the state anxiety levels between intervention and control groups (p=0/001).The results showed that anxiety in the control group had no significant difference compared before the start of implementation of the cardiac rehabilitation (p=0/12). But this difference was significant in the intervention group (p=0/001).
Findings suggest that cardiac rehabilitation reduce the anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction, which has effective patient care and recovery.

Cancer is an uncomfortable and unbelievable experience for everyone which causes many physical and psychological disturbances. Health care providers support can be an important coping resource to help patients with cancer to cope with the suffering of the illness. This study has been carried out to investigate the health care provider’s õ support to the cancerous patients who referred to Ardabil Imam Khomeini medical center.
Material and This descriptive analytical study has done in 230 cancerous patients who were admitted to Imam Khomeini medical center affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The samples were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire including two sections of demographic characteristics and, Northouse Social Support questionnaire, and then they were analyzed by different statistical methods.
The mean level of health care providers õ support was 58.7 out of a range of 16 to 80. The mean support level of physicians and nurses from a range of 8 to 40, were 29.3 and 29.4 respectively. The relationship between health care provider’s õ support and factors such as age, sex, marital status, education level, job, income status, history of metastasis, history of recurrence, time passed since recurrent and metastasis and time passed since diagnosis was not significant. The relationship between mean level of health care provider’s õ support and history of admission was reversely significant. The mean of health care providers õ support was higher in patients who were married, employed, high school graduated, having expenses more than income, and living with their spouse. The hematologic cancerous patients have got more support as well. There was no significant difference between male and female health care providers õ support.
The study showed moderate to high levels of health care providers õ support among Iranian cancerous patients. Also, based on the results, single, divorced, widow, illiterate, unemployed, living with children and lung cancer patients received low health care providers õ support. Accordingly, the role of health care providers should be magnified in patients with low care support.